Relative Rates of Invalidity for the Test of Memory Malingering and the Dot Counting Test Among Spanish-Speaking Patients Residing in the USA

Rhoads, Tasha; Leib, Sophie I.; Resch, Zachary J; Basurto, Karen S; Castillo, Liliam R.; Jennette, Kyle J; Soble, Jason R.

doi:10.1007/s12207-021-09423-z

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Considering that adjustment to the DCT E -score was not necessary for nonclinical H/L adults, the same cannot be concluded for using the DCT in a clinical sample composed of H/L individuals. In a sample of 70 Spanish-speaking adults representing various neuropsychiatric diagnoses, Rhoads et al (2021) reported a rate of 28.6% for invalid performance based on scores falling above established thresholds for the DCT E -score. Moreover, in a separate study conducted by Soble et al (2018), a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine appropriate cutoff scores using an English administration in a sample of 84 veterans with various clinical diagnoses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is one of the most widely used performance validity measures. Across the studies reviewed, six studies assessed performance in the TOMM across different samples composed of H/L individuals (Bailey et al, 2021; Gasquoine et al, 2017; Nijdam-Jones et al, 2017, 2019; Rhoads et al, 2021; Rivera et al, 2015). Of these six studies, five studies included nonclinical samples (Bailey et al, 2021; Gasquoine et al, 2017; Nijdam-Jones et al, 2017, 2019; Rivera et al, 2015) while only one study examined performance in a clinically diverse neuropsychiatric sample (Rhoads et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this Colombian sample, a cutoff for total hits of ≤27 resulted in a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. The CIH-EV appears to be a useful tool that can be (Gasquoine et al, 2017;Rhoads et al, 2021;Robles et al, 2015;Soble et al, 2018). When using the DCT as a PVT, the E-score (calculated as a function of the sum of errors, average time to complete ungrouped items, and average time to complete grouped items) is generally used as the main outcome measure (Gasquoine et al, 2017).…”

Section: Standalone Pvtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measures of performance validity for Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review.

Gonzalez,

Escamilla,

Medina

2024

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: The use of performance validity tests (PVTs) to assess suboptimal performance has become a recommended feature in neuropsychological evaluations. However, most of the literature has examined the utility of PVTs in primarily non-Hispanic White, monolingual English-speaking samples. Given the continual growth of culturally and linguistically diverse populations, especially Hispanic/Latin Americans (H/Ls), it is necessary to provide an updated review of the available literature involving the use of PVTs in H/L adults. Method: We conducted a systematic review that examined the available literature surrounding the use of performance validity measures in H/L adults. This review identified evidence for the utility of PVTs in assessing invalid performance in H/Ls and compiled psychometric properties related to these measures, specifically rates of specificity and sensitivity when available. Results: We identified six standalone and four embedded performance validity measures that have been examined in H/Ls. The Test of Memory Malingering was identified as the PVT most studied in various H/L heritage groups. Across the studies reviewed, adjustments to cutoff scores are generally recommended for the majority of PVTs discussed. Within H/Ls, specificity rates tend to be bolstered when sociocultural factors, like education, are considered. Conclusions: Recommended cutoff scores across the different PVTs reviewed are not typically suitable for use in heritage groups of H/L adults, especially in groups that include adults with lower levels of education and literacy. Therefore, education may need to be considered when applying cutoffs to these populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standalone Pvtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measures of performance validity for Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review.

Gonzalez,

Escamilla,

Medina

2024

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…As education showed significant correlations with multiple PVTs, more robust analysis of samples with greater representation of patients with very high or low education levels is needed to further clarify this relationship. Although not a specific focus of this study, this is a particularly relevant future direction for PVTs studies with individuals educated outside of the United Stated given that low formal education levels may exert more of an effect on PVT performance in these populations (e.g., Bailey et al, 2021; Rhoads, Leib, et al, 2021). Future research may benefit from continued exploration of individual freestanding and embedded PVTs (and their correlation to specific demographic variables, seeing as numerous correlations in this study revealed small effects (e.g., premorbid IQ)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do demographic factors influence detection of invalid neuropsychological test performance using common performance validity tests? A multisite investigation.

Soble¹,

Cerny²,

Rhoads³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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Objective: This study examined the extent to which demographic variables (i.e., age, education, premorbid IQ, sex, ethnoracial identity, and presence/absence of external incentive) affect performance validity test (PVT) performance. Method: This cross-sectional study examined two distinct, diverse outpatient clinical samples at an academic medical center (AMC, N = 268) and a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center (N = 111). All patients completed a battery including five PVTs. Premorbid IQ was assessed using the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) in the AMC sample. Results: Multiple correlations between demographic variables and individual PVT performance were statistically significant, but accompanying effect sizes were small, except for the relationship of premorbid IQ and reliable digit span (RDS). Regressions showed demographic variables accounted for 7%–11% of the variance in individual PVT scores in the AMC sample, and 6%–26% in the VA sample, premorbid IQ driving results in the AMC sample and compensation-seeking status in the VA sample. Other demographic variables did not correlate with compensation-seeking status. Additionally, premorbid IQ was found to be significantly higher in validly performing individuals compared to those performing invalidly in the AMC sample. Conclusion: Most demographic factors evaluated accounted for relatively little variance in individual PVT performance and did not significantly predict overall validity categorization. Compensation-seeking status correlated with validity classification across both groups, but offers limited diagnostic utility itself compared to objective PVT scores. Premorbid IQ within the AMC group demonstrated influence on particular PVTs (i.e., RDS) reflecting the difficulty of assessing validity within low IQ populations, particularly with PVTs more strongly correlated with IQ.

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“…Research on the generalizability of performance validity tests (PVTs) to non-native speakers of English has intensified in recent years (Ali et al, 2023, 2022; An et al, 2017; Bell-Sprinkel et al, 2013; Crişan & Erdodi, 2022; Daugherty et al, 2022; L. A. Erdodi et al, 2017; Gasquoine et al, 2017; Nijdam-Jones & Rosenfeld, 2017; Rhoads et al, 2021; Robles et al, 2015; Vilar-López et al, 2007) reflecting a growing need to verify whether cutoffs can be applied to culturally diverse samples with limited English proficiency (LEP; Braw, 2021; Franzen et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

English versus native language administration of the IOP-29-M produces similar results in a sample of Romanian bilinguals: A brief report.

Crişan¹

2023

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: The present study investigated classification accuracies of the IOP-29-M as a validity measure in a Romanian sample and examined differences between language versions. Method: Ninety-five undergraduates (65 controls and 30 experimental malingerers were administered the Inventory of Problems–29 (IOP-29) and the IOP-M, in English and Romanian, as part of a neurocognitive test battery. IOP-29 False Disorder Score and IOP-M accuracy scores in English and Romanian were compared, and classification accuracies against the experimental malingering criterion were computed. Results: Both indicators differentiated between groups and produced excellent area under the curves (.86–.96) in classifying experimental malingerers. At previously published cutoffs, the Romanian version of the IOP-29 proved more accurate than the English version. The IOP-M yielded virtually identical accuracies for both versions at a standard cutoff of ≤30. Conclusions: The IOP-29-M accurately discriminates valid from invalid protocols in Romanian bilingual undergraduates. The administration language could influence cutoff accuracies of the IOP-29. The IOP-M appears robust to language effects.

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Relative Rates of Invalidity for the Test of Memory Malingering and the Dot Counting Test Among Spanish-Speaking Patients Residing in the USA

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Measures of performance validity for Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review.

Measures of performance validity for Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review.

Do demographic factors influence detection of invalid neuropsychological test performance using common performance validity tests? A multisite investigation.

English versus native language administration of the IOP-29-M produces similar results in a sample of Romanian bilinguals: A brief report.

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