Cross Relationships Among 37 Rhinoviruses Demonstrated by Virus Neutralization with Potent Monotypic Rabbit Antisera

Abstract

Antisera produced in rabbits to 37 rhinovirus (RV) types have been examined for antibody to the 36 corresponding heterologous types. Reciprocal neutralization was noted between RV types 2 and 49 and RV types 13 and 41. Five additional monotypic rhinoviral rabbit antisera neutralized one heterologous rhinovirus. Neutralizing antibody titers against heterologous RV serotypes were similar to those shown in the RV 1A, 1B and RV 9, 32 reciprocal cross-reactions, and would not be expected to result in false identification of serotypes. Comparison of neutralizing antibody titers and neutralization rate constants in serial serum specimens of immunized rabbits showed that antibody response to the immunizing RV type and the cross-reacting type followed a similar time pattern.

Antigenic groupings of 90 rhinovirus serotypes

“…When rabbits are injected with a rhinovirus antigen which is related to 3 another type, the homologous antigen is adjust- of antisera, with individual sera diluted approxi-°m ately 1:30, these investigators found only a few heterotypic responses (1B:lA, 32:9, and 44:29), all of which were reported in the research re-O o agents catalog (9) ( Table 2). In addition, a rela-z tionship between rhinovirus types 2 and 49 was indicated which has previously been reported (7,11,15), as well as a relationship between types 36 and 58 in rabbit sera, included in the present . = report.…”

Rhinovirus Infections in an Industrial Population: V. Change in Distribution of Serotypes1

“…This method permits an immediate examination of antigenic cross-relationships among strains being tested within the limits of the titers of the antisera used. Thus, misidentification of types with reciprocal or one way crosses (16) should not be a problem with this system. Nine of the 45 rhinovirus strains which were not neutralized by the pools in the present study were submitted as new…”

Rhinovirus Biology, Antigenic Diversity, and Advancements in the Design of a Human Rhinovirus Vaccine

“…Infection with one type of HRV is unlikely to afford any immunity to other types resulting in lifelong infections to different HRV type exposures. However, limited cross-serotype protection has been demonstrated for some closely-related types ( Cooney et al, 1973 ; Glanville and Johnston, 2015 ). Among known types of HRV, HRV-A, and HRV-C are generally associated with more severe disease and asthma exacerbations than HRV-B ( Miller et al, 2009 ; Piralla et al, 2009 ; Bochkov et al, 2011 ; Lee et al, 2012 , 2016 ).…”

“…In the early 1970s, the first studies evaluating cross-neutralization and serologic reactivity between many HRV types were published which opened the door for the earliest attempts at polyvalent vaccine preparations. Cooney et al (1973) demonstrated that rabbit antisera to 37 types resulted in limited cross-neutralization between at least five types. These studies and earlier studies using monovalent preparations led to the first major attempt at a polyvalent vaccine for HRV in Hamory et al (1975) .…”