Crop response to current and previous season applications of phosphorus as affected by crop sequence and tillage

Abstract

M. 2009. Crop response to current and previous season applications of phosphorus as affected by crop sequence and tillage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 49Á66. Field studies were conducted over a 4-yr period at two locations in western Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer management on crop growth as affected by tillage system through a 2-yr cropping sequence. In the first phase of the cropping sequence, canola (Brassica napus L.), a non-mycorrhizal crop, and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a mycorrhizal crop, were grown under conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) systems, with 0, 11 and 22 kg P ha(1 applied as monoammonium phosphate (MAP). In the second phase of the sequence, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was seeded following the spring wheat or canola, with application of 0 or 11 kg P ha(1 as MAP. Phosphorus application increased the early-season biomass, P concentration, and P accumulation of canola and wheat and the seed yield of canola. Tillage system had no consistent effects on growth, P concentration or uptake, or seed yields of canola or wheat, nor were P by tillage system interactions observed. Early-season biomass production and seed yields of flax were relatively unaffected by P fertilization whether applied in the same season as flax or in the previous season, although early-season P concentration and P accumulation were increased when P fertilizer was applied to the flax. Of the factors evaluated in this study, preceding crop had the greatest influence on flax growth with flax establishment, early-season biomass, and P accumulation, and seed yield all being significantly greater when flax was seeded after wheat than after canola. Plant Sci. 89: 49Á66. Pendant quatre ans, les auteurs ont proce´de´a`des e´tudes sur le terrain, a`deux endroits de l'ouest du Manitoba, au Canada, afin d'e´valuer l'incidence des pratiques de gestion des engrais phosphate´s (P) sur la croissance de la culture, selon la me´thode de travail du sol dans le cadre d'un assolement de deux ans. Dans le premier volet de l'assolement, ils ont fait pousser du canola (Brassica napus L.), une culture sans mycorhizes, et du ble´de printemps (Triticum aestivum L.), une culture avec mycorhizes, apre`s travail classique (CT) ou travail re´duit (RT) du sol et application de 0, de 11 ou de 22 kg de P par hectare sous forme de phosphate d'ammonium diacide (MAP). Lors de la deuxie`me phase de la rotation, ils ont ensemence´du lin (Linum usitatissimum L.) apre`s le ble´ou le canola, avec application de 0 ou de 11 kg de P par hectare sous forme de MAP. L'application de phosphore accroıˆt la biomasse en de´but de saison, la concentration de P, l'accumulation de P par le canola et le ble´, et le rendement grainier du canola. La me´thode de travail du sol n'a aucun effet cohe´rent sur la croissance, la concentration de P, l'absorption de P ni le rendement grainier du canola ou du ble´; il n'existe non plus aucune interaction entre les applications d'engrais et le type de travail du sol. La production de biomasse au de...

Cadmium and Zinc Concentration in Grain of Durum Wheat in Relation to Phosphorus Fertilization, Crop Sequence and Tillage Management

“…Similarly, seasonal differences in weather may interact with tillage effects on both root distribution in different soil layers and rate of decomposition of crop residues, to influence metal uptake. While the impact of tillage is not consistent across different studies on the Canadian prairies [25,31,32,36], the RT practices may be beneficial to farmers in many regions not only because of the benefits in conserving soil moisture, preventing soil erosion and reducing the cost of production [26], but also for potential improvements in grain yield and grain quality, as has been shown in the current study.…”

“…For the first and second phases, spring wheat, canola, and flax were harvested at maturity with a plot combine and the crop residue was chopped and returned to the plot where it had originated. Details on the cultural practices and sampling are available by Grant et al [25,32].…”

“…Based on field studies conducted at two locations over a four-year period, yield and concentrations of Cd and Zn of flax were shown to be influenced by tillage system, type of preceding crop and P application to the preceding crop [25,32], but information is lacking about whether such effects can persist to influence subsequent crops. Therefore, to address this question, the field study described by Grant et al [25,32] was extended for an additional year to determine if preceding crop, P fertilization and tillage system would have a continuing effect on the yield and quality of the durum wheat grown in the third year of the cropping sequence.…”

“…Therefore, to address this question, the field study described by Grant et al [25,32] was extended for an additional year to determine if preceding crop, P fertilization and tillage system would have a continuing effect on the yield and quality of the durum wheat grown in the third year of the cropping sequence.…”

The effects of three pulse crops on a second subsequent crop

“…In 3 of 4 site-years, the P content of YR3 barley seed was lower in the plus-N control canola treatments than following YR1 pea (data not shown). Canola is a non-mycorrhizal crop and lower P uptake can occur in crops following canola (Grant et al 2009). The beneficial relationships that pulses and barley have with mycorrhizal fungi can increase nutrient uptake, and a greater impact on plant growth may occur in stressed environments (Lupwayi and Kennedy 2007).…”