Critical Analysis of PM Index and Other Fuel Indices: Impact of Gasoline Fuel Volatility and Chemical Composition

Amara, Arij Ben; Tahtouh, Toni; Ubrich, Elisabeth; Starck, Laurie; Moriya, Hidenori; Iida, Yutaka; Nagata, Koji

doi:10.4271/2018-01-1741

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is specially the case for this fuel variation having the same base gasoline fuel and no modification of the aromatic compounds, other than dilution. Another index that it is known to correlate to the aromatic concentrations is 100/SP * [15], and it is presented in Figure 22, confirming the tendency. OESI* values are presented in Figure 23.…”

Section: Particle Matter Indicessupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Previous works have demonstrated that this index follows close trends with other indices (e.g. SP* and TSI Threshold Sooting index-not presented in this work), but has the advantage of including experimental factor Smoke Point, SP, as well as the oxygen content for oxygenated blends [15]. This characteristic could differentiate ethanol and butanol blends, as they induce variable oxygen concentration at constant aromatic dilution.…”

Section: Particle Matter Indicessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…These correlations have been confirmed for several commercial and non-certified gasoline blends, and for different specific compounds variations [32] on the basis of driving cycle emissions. More recently, Ben Amara et al [15] have synthetized the different PM indices found in the literature, and their correlations to specific fuel properties. Of these, PMI-Particulate Matter Index, OESI*-Oxygen Extended Sooting Index, and SP*-Smoke Point Petroleum Institute Correlation, have proven high correlation factors with regards to driving cycle particle emissions.…”

Section: Fuel Composition Effect On Particle Emissions and Particle Matter Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 4Having According to analysis presented by Ben Amara et al [15], PMI has a good representation over aromatic variations. PMI calculated for butanol and ethanol blends are presented in Figure 21 against the aromatic concentration.…”

Section: Particle Matter Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under low load operation, ethanol offers the strongest particle reduction, but at higher loads butanol shows an advantage on these emissions. Recent work on particle matter indices, to predict a fuel's behaviour over particle emissions, has been only recently extended to oxygenated fuels [15][16][17] but remains to be improved on the specific effects of each oxygenated compound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels Ethanol-and Butanol-gasoline fuel blends, and their impact on performance, emissions and Soot Index

Anselmi

Matrat

Starck

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Oxygenated fuels are studied in spark combustion engines because of their potentially positive impact on greenhouse emissions, and as part of alternative renewable fuels. Furthermore, engine test results position them as a promising lever to reduce engine-out emissions, and most notably, particles. This study focuses on oxygenated fuel Butanol, which is a potential output of recent developments on Algae and Cyanobacteria harvest process. Its blending into gasoline and application into spark ignition engines is investigated. Blending levels of n-Butanol and iso-Butanol have been proposed based on standard gasoline's octane number, RON, at two ethanol concentration levels, 10 and 25%. Fuel blend impact on combustion, and on regulated and non-regulated emissions is analysed. Fuel knock resistance properties, RON and MON, determine the knocking tendencies for ethanol and butanol at 2000 rpm. However, test results highlight different knocking sensibility behaviour at higher engine speed. Emission results also illustrate a strong advantage of Butanol on particle mass emissions. Soot indices, that are conventionally used to quantify the impact of a fuel over particle emissions, are studied and confronted to results obtained on ethanol blends. The deviation in Particle Matter Indices obtained for butanol blends is analysed, on the basis of specific operating points. It highlights different particle emissions responses to the increase of oxygenates ethanol and butanol, not uniquely correlated to oxygen and aromatic concentration.

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Section: Particle Matter Indicessupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Particle Matter Indicessupporting

confidence: 61%