CRISPR in Sub-Saharan Africa: Applications and Education

Ogaugwu, Christian; Agbo, Stanley O.; Adekoya, Modinat A.

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.012

“…Our data may contribute to efforts currently underway to evaluate the deployment of genetically engineered A. gambiae for malaria control in Africa 65,66 . Identification of confined field trial sites aimed at evaluating the performance of GEMs includes measures of gene flow between target and off-target sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Transcontinental dispersal of Anopheles gambiae occurred from West African origin via serial founder events

Schmidt

¹

,

Y

²

,

Collier

³

et al. 2019

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The mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-Saharan Africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an African malaria vector. Here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east Africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the Comoros. Genetic distances between populations of A. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in which the species increases its range from west to east Africa through consecutive founder events over the last ~200,000 years. Geological barriers like the Congo River basin and the East African rift seem to play an important role in shaping this process. Moreover, we find a high degree of genetic isolation of populations on the Comoros, confirming the potential of these islands as candidate sites for potential field trials of genetically engineered mosquitoes for malaria control.

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“…CRISPR/Cas biotechnology is now expansively and broadly applied across numerous disciplines, including basic sciences, food/crop development, fuel generation, drug development, human genome engineering and gene editing technology against novel diseases like coronavirus (COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2) [8,14,19,22,25,26].…”

Section: Crispr/cas9 Gene Editing Technology Applications Against Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review

Chekani-Azar¹,

Mombeni²,

Birhan³

et al. 2020

jlsb

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Introduction. Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) structures were first identified in E. coli in 1987 and guard prokaryotic cells from any invading pathogens, harmful events and plasmids by recognizing and cutting foreign nucleic acid sequences that contain short palindromic repeats spacer sequences. Several genome editing approaches have been developed based on these mechanisms; the most recent is known as CRISPR/Cas. Before the CRISPR technique was revealed in 2012, editing the genomes of plants and animals took many years and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Thus, CRISPR/Cas has attracted significant interest in the scientific community, especially for disease diagnosis and treatment, as it is quicker, less expensive and more precise than other genome editing approaches. The evidence from gene mutations in specific patients generated using CRISPR/Cas can assist in the prediction of the optimal treatment schedule for individual patients and for innovation purposes in other researches like replication in cell culture of coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19). However, in numerous situations, the effects of the furthermost significant driver mutations are not yet understood and interpretation of the optimal treatment is impossible. CRISPR/Cas classifications feature highly sensitive and selective tools for the detection of various target genes. When we see the next steps of genomic research, it is obvious that genome-wide association studies are relatively new way to identify the genes involved in human disease. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas provides a tool to manipulate non-coding regions and will thus accelerate examination of these poorly characterized regions of the genome and play a vital role in the progress of whole genome libraries. Aim. We aimed to review the history of CRISPR/Cas, the mechanisms of CRISPR techniques, its current status as a tool for studying both natural mutations and genomic manipulations, and explore how CRISPR/Cas may improve the treatment of diseases.

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“…Diseases and pests persist; these problems have proved difficult to solve using available technologies. Nevertheless, hopes are high for solutions to many of these challenges with the advent of CRISPR technology [14]. There are different human cells those are, immortalized MRC5-hTERT fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 4.5 g/L glucose, [7].…”

Section: Crispr In Human Pluripotent Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cas9 is also used in cellular models to study for the treatment and diagnosis of polygenic diseases such as diabetes and autism due to multiplexing properties [24]. CRISPR/Cas biotechnology is now expansively and broadly applied across numerous disciplines, including basic sciences, food/crop development, fuel generation, drug development, human genome engineering and gene editing technology against novel diseases like coronavirus (COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2) [8,14,19,22,25,26].…”

Section: Crispr Applications and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review.

CHEKANI-AZAR¹,

Mombeni²,

BIRHAN³

2020

jwpr

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Introduction. Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) structures were first identified in E. coli in 1987 and guard prokaryotic cells from any invading pathogens, harmful events and plasmids by recognizing and cutting foreign nucleic acid sequences that contain short palindromic repeats spacer sequences. Several genome editing approaches have been developed based on these mechanisms; the most recent is known as CRISPR/Cas. Before the CRISPR technique was revealed in 2012, editing the genomes of plants and animals took many years and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Thus, CRISPR/Cas has attracted significant interest in the scientific community, especially for disease diagnosis and treatment, as it is quicker, less expensive and more precise than other genome editing approaches. The evidence from gene mutations in specific patients generated using CRISPR/Cas can assist in the prediction of the optimal treatment schedule for individual patients and for innovation purposes in other researches like replication in cell culture of coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19). However, in numerous situations, the effects of the furthermost significant driver mutations are not yet understood and interpretation of the optimal treatment is impossible. CRISPR/Cas classifications feature highly sensitive and selective tools for the detection of various target genes. When we see the next steps of genomic research, it is obvious that genome-wide association studies are relatively new way to identify the genes involved in human disease. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas provides a tool to manipulate non-coding regions and will thus accelerate examination of these poorly characterized regions of the genome and play a vital role in the progress of whole genome libraries. Aim. We aimed to review the history of CRISPR/Cas, the mechanisms of CRISPR techniques, its current status as a tool for studying both natural mutations and genomic manipulations, and explore how CRISPR/Cas may improve the treatment of diseases.

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CRISPR in Sub-Saharan Africa: Applications and Education

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Transcontinental dispersal of Anopheles gambiae occurred from West African origin via serial founder events

Transcontinental dispersal of Anopheles gambiae occurred from West African origin via serial founder events

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and its application to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a review.

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