Crescimento infantil comparado com as referências NCHS e o padrão WHO/2006

Abstract

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento de crianças em regime de aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês, bem como comparar seu peso e comprimento com a referência do National Center for Health Statistics 1978 e com o padrão da World Health Organization 2006. MétodosTrata-se de estudo longitudinal realizado em um Banco de Leite Humano, na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, entre outubro de 2007 e novembro de 2008. Foi feita amostragem não probabilística com 328 crianças nascidas a termo e submetidas a aleitamento materno exclusivo. Finalizaram o estudo 181 crianças. Avaliou-se o crescimento por meio de médias e desvio-padrão, comparando-se os resultados com aqueles dois parâmetros. ResultadosOs meninos mostraram-se mais pesados que as meninas, do primeiro ao sexto mês (p<0,05). A maior velocidade no ganho ponderal ocorreu nos dois primeiros meses de vida, em ambos os sexos. Quanto ao peso, as meninas apresentaram peso médio superior ao padrão da World Health Organization 2006, ao nascer e do terceiro ao sexto mês (p<0,05), enquanto os meninos mostraram peso superior do quarto ao sexto mês (p<0.05). Já em relação à referência do National Center for Health Statistics 1978, ambos os sexos apresentaram peso superior desde o nascimento até o sexto mês (p<0,05), exceto os meninos ao nascer. Quanto ao tamanho, as meninas apresentaram comprimento médio semelhante ao padrão da World Health Organization 2006, porém menor do que a outra referência, ao nascer e no sexto mês (p<0,05). Já os meninos obtiveram comprimento médio

Determinantes da velocidade média de crescimento de crianças até seis meses de vida: um estudo de coorte

“…Boys tend to have a higher birth weight and a faster weight gain rate 8 . A discussion is presented by Jaldin et al 4 , which is based on other studies and justifies this difference between genders by anatomical and physiological characteristics, where boys have larger body structures and muscle tissue and girls have lower birth weight. In view of the above, one would expect that higher growth rates be observed among boys.…”

“…In the study by Spyrides et al 8 with children up to nine months of age, lower weight and size gain rates were also observed among girls. A study 4 that analyzed data from 181 children on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the sixth month of age found that boys' weight gain was higher only in the first quarter. The study by Mihrshahi et al 17 observed that male gender was a non-modifiable factor for rapid weight gain among children.…”

“…One of the main reasons for children growth deficit is malnutrition [1][2][3] . The first six months of life are considered a critical period, since it is the moment of greater growth rate 4 . According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 5 , exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the sixth month is the ideal food to promote adequate growth at this stage.…”

“…However, few studies have proposed to evaluate the rate of weight and size growth, as well as its determinants 9 . Some Brazilian studies 3,4,8,12,13 have investigated the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and child growth. Studies that evaluate infant growth rate according to the variables analyzed in this study are not common in Brazilian literature, whose objective is to investigate some factors that contributed to a higher or lower growth rate of infants up to the sixth month of life.…”

Reasons for human milk donation according to different per capita income

“…3 Due to these major impacts, a public awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding (AM) and the training for the health professionals on this topic have been increasingly valued in the public and private health system, 4 reflecting on since 1991, when the World Health Organization (WHO), in association with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), to establish its goal in order to promote, protect and support breastfeeding worldwidely. 5 The medical literature contains strong evidence about the benefits of breastfeeding, 6 such as optimizing children's growth and physical and mental development and extensive protection against the main diseases that occur later in life. Recent data indicate that breastfeeding is an effective food strategy to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature population, 7 also presenting advantages for women's health, as for the increase of postpartum infertility period, a greater facility in the pregestational weight acquisition and risk reduction of developing breast and ovarian cancer.…”