Crescimento de recém-nascidos pré-termo nas primeiras 12 semanas de vida

Abstract

Objective: To assess the somatic growth of preterm newborns through growth curves during the first 12 weeks of life.Method: A longitudinal and prospective study was carried out at two state operated maternity hospitals in the city of Belo Horizonte. Three hundred and forty preterm infants with birth weight less than 2,500 g were weekly evaluated in terms of body weight, head circumference, and height. Growth curves were constructed and adjusted to Counts model. Results:Counts model clearly showed that the dynamics of loss, stabilization and gain of weight of all curves are graphically similar. The growth curve was characterized by weight loss during the 1st week (4-6 days) ranging from 5.9 to 9.7% (the greater the percentage, the lower the birth weight). For all curves, recovery of birth weight ranged from 16 to19 days, showing that these newborns took longer to recover their birth weight. After the 3rd week, the newborns maintained increasingly rates of weight gain. Head circumference and height curves are little affected by weight loss. However, newborns with low birth weight presented loss of head circumference and height, probably due to their lower gestational ages. Conclusion:The dynamics of the preterm infants evaluated was similar to that of previous studies. The infants also presented growth deficit. However, it was also noted that the infants present a high potential to recover their growth.

Crescimento e desenvolvimento a longo prazo do prematuro extremo

“…6 This dynamic does not allow them to achieve the body composition of a fetus of the same postconceptional age, and at the point of hospital discharge their anthropometric parameters are well below the minimum percentile of normality on intrauterine growth curves. [6][7][8] The expectation with premature newborn babies growth is that maximum acceleration takes place between 36 and 40 weeks postconceptional age and that the majority will exhibit catch-up, achieving their growth path within the limits of normality on reference curves by 2-3 years of age. Catch-up is generally achieved first for head circumference, followed by length and then weight.…”

“…Catch-up is generally achieved first for head circumference, followed by length and then weight. 7,[9][10] Very low weight preterms, however, in particular ELW preterms, may well be small children. A number of different studies have shown that such children exhibit slow and late growth recovery with a high risk of inadequate growth during the first years of life.…”

Cuidados nutricionais no recém-nascido de muito baixo peso

“…Os recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG) apresentam maior mortalidade e dificuldade de adaptação neonatal em curto e longo prazo, mostrando que o déficit de crescimento é uma condição patológica ou de doença, sendo adequado manter certo grau de vigilância. 6 Anchieta et al 7 avaliaram o crescimento de recém-nascidos pré-termo nas primeiras 12 semanas de vida, que receberam dieta enteral já na 1º semana e atingiram as necessidades caló-ricas no final da 2º semana de vida. Todos os recém-nascidos apresentaram perda de peso e recuperação após, mas isto dependeu do aporte hídrico e calórico oferecido indicando que, se não for ofertado um adequado suporte nutricional, a recuperação do crescimento será mais lenta.…”

“…Anchieta et al 7 Todos os recém-nascidos apresentaram perda de peso e houve indicativo de que a recuperação do crescimento é mais lenta com estas oscilações.…”

Velocidade de crescimento de recém-nascidos pré-termo adequados para a idade gestacional

“…7 Later, an assessment was made of somatic growth and growth velocity (weight, head circumference and length) of adequate and small for age newborn babies. 8 Newborn babies with congenital infections and/or severe congenital malformations, severe neurological conditions, unfavorable clinical progress that made measurement nonviable or interfered with parenteral and/or enteral nutrition, drug and chemical substance use by the mother, enteral feeding started after the first week of life and death during the study period. This investigation was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.…”