COVID-19 Vaccines (Revisited) and Oral-Mucosal Vector System as a Potential Vaccine Platform

Ashraf, Muhammad; Kim, Yeji; Kumar, Sunil; Seo, Dongyeob; Ashraf, Maryam; Bae, Yong-Soo

doi:10.3390/vaccines9020171

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Most of these SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, either licensed or advanced to Phase III, are based on the immunity to the full-length S protein. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed by Sinopharm in China are in clinical Phase III trials [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Neutralizing Activity Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Full-Length and Subunit Domain Proteins in Young Adult and Old-Aged Mice

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be expanding the pandemic disease across the globe. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were rapidly developed and approved for emergency use of vaccination in humans, supply and production difficulties are slowing down the global vaccination program. The efficacy of many different versions of vaccine candidates and adjuvant effects remain unknown, particularly in the elderly. In this study, we compared the immunogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike (S) ectodomain in young adult and aged mice, S1 with receptor binding domain, and S2 with fusion domain. Full-length S was more immunogenic and effective in inducing IgG antibodies after low dose vaccination, compared to the S1 subunit. Old-aged mice induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity after high dose S vaccination. With an increased vaccine dose, S1 was highly effective in inducing neutralizing and receptor-binding inhibiting antibodies, although both S1 and S2 subunit domain vaccines were similarly immunogenic. Adjuvant effects were significant for effective induction of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, neutralizing and receptor-binding inhibiting antibodies, and antibody-secreting B cell and interferon-γ secreting T cell immune responses. Results of this study provide information in designing SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine antigens and effective vaccination in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Neutralizing Activity Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Full-Length and Subunit Domain Proteins in Young Adult and Old-Aged Mice

et al. 2021

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“…TA B L E 1 Key Characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines (approved and in phase 3 clinical trials) 7,162 Health, and others. 4 On December 30, a third COVID-19 vaccine, the Oxford/AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral AZD1222 or ChAdOx1-S was authorized for use by the UK MHRA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and allergic reactions: The past, the current COVID‐19 pandemic, and future perspectives

Sampath

Rabinowitz

Shah

et al. 2021

Allergy

123

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The rapid development and the launch of several novel COVID-19 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an extraordinary and remarkable accomplishment of modern science. The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 was the first vaccine to be granted temporary authorization for emergency use by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the U.K for the treatment of COVID-19 on 2 December 2020. 1 Soon after, on 11 December 2020, it also received emergency use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2 EUA is a mechanism to facilitate the availability of vaccines during public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Under an EUA, the FDA may allow the use of unapproved medical products (including vaccines) to prevent serious or life-threatening disease when certain statutory criteria have been met and no adequate and/or approved alternatives are available. The authorization of BNT162b2 was followed by an EUA for a second COVID-19 vaccine, the Moderna mRNA-1273 on 18 December 2020. 3 This was followed by the authorization of mRNA-1273 for use by other regulatory agencies such as the European Commission, UK MHRA, Israel Ministry of

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“…A recent publication set the focus of the IgG-HPβCD interaction which can be utilized in the Ig-based therapy of various cancers and autoimmune diseases [44] and although the utilization potential of this interaction in oral or intranasal vaccinations has not been studied [238].…”

Section: Bepridil and Thapsigarginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins in the antiviral therapy

Jicsinszky

Martina

Cravotto

2021

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

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The main antiviral drug-cyclodextrin interactions, changes in physicochemical and physiological properties of the most commonly used virucides are summarized. The potential complexation of antiviral molecules against the SARS-Cov2 also pointed out the lack of detailed information in designing effective and general medicines against viral infections. The principal problem of the current molecules is the 3D structures of the currently active compounds. Improving the solubility or bioavailability of antiviral molecules is possible, however, there is no universal solution, and the complexation experiments dominantly use the already approved cyclodextrin derivatives. This review discusses the basic properties of the different cyclodextrin derivatives, their potential in antiviral formulations, and the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The biologically active new cyclodextrin derivatives are also discussed.

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COVID-19 Vaccines (Revisited) and Oral-Mucosal Vector System as a Potential Vaccine Platform

Cited by 46 publications

References 151 publications

Immunogenicity and Neutralizing Activity Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Full-Length and Subunit Domain Proteins in Young Adult and Old-Aged Mice

Immunogenicity and Neutralizing Activity Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Full-Length and Subunit Domain Proteins in Young Adult and Old-Aged Mice

Vaccines and allergic reactions: The past, the current COVID‐19 pandemic, and future perspectives

Cyclodextrins in the antiviral therapy

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