COVID-19: An Insight on the Third Respiratory Global Emergency of the Century

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 presents the global emergency in recent days and as a consequence the whole world is in a state of war. Continuous efforts by researchers are in process to establish sound scientific understanding regarding viral behavior and pathogenesis. Background: In recent days a lot of scientific data is published describing viral transfusion into host cells, comparing with SARS-CoV-1, viability of SARS-CoV-2, fatality and diagnosis of infection among infected patients. Thereby, motivating to take right decisions in order to treat and mitigate the COVID-19. Review results: Coronaviruses usually affect the respiratory tract and produce symptoms similar to pneumonia with varied complications. The spike protein on the surface of virus makes the SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetically different from other viruses of corona family. SARS-CoV-2 has an affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptors present on human cells. The fatality of the disease is found to be low but the severity of the disease might vary from person to person. The incubation period is 14 days but the symptoms like dry cough and high fever are evident around 3-7 days. Already known anti inflammatory, immunomodulators and antiviral drugs are being tested and still under clinical trials. Conclusion: In this review, we are providing an insight over emergence, correlation with SARS-CoV-1 and interpretation of global data representing the severity of unexpected danger on humanity. Certain structural aspects and studies determining the viability of novel coronavirus have also been described. Moreover, case studies of recovered infected patients from COVID-19 explain the progression and patients pathophysiological conditions while suffering from infection. Clinical significance: There are many current strategies which are being tried and practiced to overcome this pandemic disease apart from precautionary measures. Although now, some decline has been seen, but the question still remain same standstill of whether the scientists are approaching towards the clinical solution, or still in midstream. This requires more study and intensive research to finally come to a concrete conclusion.