Coverage Analysis for Indoor-Outdoor Coexistence for Millimetre-Wave Communication

Abstract

Milimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication, which has already been a part of the fifth generation of mobile communication networks (5G), would result in ultra dense small cell deployments due to its limited coverage characteristics. In such an environment, outdoor base stations (BS) will get closer to the buildings, in which users are covered and served by indoor small cells that in turn degrades the user Quality of Experience (QoE) owing to the increased interference caused by the outdoor BSs. In this paper, indoor coverage analysis is conducted by considering a scenario, which includes a multistorey building and two identical indoor femtocell and outdoor BS operating at 28 GHz. During the simulations, impacts of the outdoor BS's transmit power and distance to the building on the indoor coverage are investigated. In addition, various material types, namely one layer brick, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 28 GHz concrete, ITU 28 GHz glass, and ITU 28 GHz wood, for the building walls are tested. Results reveal that dielectric properties of the materials are the key factors in determining the severity of the interference caused by the outdoor BS, paving the way for including the effects of material type in network designing and smart city planning.

Analysis and Optimization of 5G Coverage Predictions Using a Beamforming Antenna Model and Real Drive Test Measurements

“…Additionally, with a broad range of 5G applications and services, several 5G coverage analyses have been carried out evaluating its technical feasibility. In [23], the authors evaluate the coexistence of dedicated indoor and outdoor radio coverage solutions, in a synthetic scenario, for mmWave communications. The use of synthetic scenarios has also been explored by the authors in [7].…”

“…The use of synthetic scenarios has also been explored by the authors in [7]. In [23], a real scenario was considered where the feasibility of reusing 4G legacy sites for 3.5 GHz 5G networks was evaluated. The 5G coverage analyses are mainly supported by path loss models, and even though that most of the used path loss models were developed through extensive measurements campaigns, these campaigns have their specificity regarding the propagation environment, used frequencies, etc.…”

IMPRESS: Indoor Mobility Prediction Framework for Pre-Emptive Indoor-Outdoor Handover for mmWave Networks

“…Carrier frequency for FBS and SBS (GHz) [41] 28 Carrier frequency for MBS (MHz) [42] 3 Bandwidth of FBS and SBS (MHz) [43] 100 Bandwidth of MBS (MHz) [44] 20 Transmit power of FBS (dBm) [45] 30 Transmit power of SBS (dBm) [46] 35 Transmit power of MBS (dBm) [45] 46 Concrete ρ at 28 GHz [15] 34.1 Concrete ρ at 3 GHz [15] 17.7 Drywall ρ at 28 GHz [15] 6.8 γ in [47] 1.6 γout [47] 3 Number of outdoor base stations 2 Number of indoor base stations (femtocells) 1 Antenna type (indoor/outdoor) [15] Half-wave dipole…”

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

“…For instance, during the 1 G era of cellular systems in the early 80s, the cell sizes used were basically in the order of hundreds of square km [129]. From 1 G up to the present time, the cell sizes have been progressively decreasing and have recently been reduced to approximately 1 km for the outdoor and 100 m for the indoor scenario [130]. Nevertheless, cell reduction has several benefits, including high chances of frequency reuse across a given geographic area, resulting in a significant decrease in resource contention among users at each BS [131].…”