Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

Next-generation of the cellular network will attempt to overcome the limitations of the current Fifth Generation (5G) networks and equip itself to address the challenges which become obvious in the future. Currently, academia and industry have focused their attention on the Sixth Generation (6G) network, which is anticipated to be the next big game-changer in the telecom industry. The outbreak of COVID'19 has made the whole world to opt for virtual meetings, live video interactions ranging from healthcare, business to education. However, we miss an immersive experience due to the lack of supporting technology. Experts have anticipated that starting from the post-pandemic age, the performance requirements of technology for virtual and real-time communication, the rise of several verticals such as industrial automation, robotics, and autonomous driving will increase tremendously, and will skyrocket during the next decade. In this manuscript, we study the latest perspectives and future megatrends that are most likely to drive 6G. Initially, we describe the instances that lead us to the vision of 6G. Later, we narrate some of the use cases and the KPIs essential to meet their performance requirement. Further, we highlight the key requirements of 6G based on contemporary research such as UN sustainability goals, business model, edge intelligence, digital divide, and the trends in machine learning for 6G.

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“…Their study concludes that 6G business models can rely on scalability and sustainability. [20,73,125] Resource Allocation in B5G and 6G…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Ecosystem: Current Status and Future Perspective

Bhat¹,

AlQahtani

2021

IEEE Access

176

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“…As the aircraft is temporarily stayed at the airport during flight with onboard passengers and starts shortly for takeoff, so the minimum elevation angle can be considered less than the conventional Electronics 2020, 9, 1872 6 of 26 5 • for satellite communications systems. This minimum elevation angle determines the coverage radius of the SB and the number of SBs in the network.…”

Section: System Geometrical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, Investigation, and Feasibility of Stratospheric Broadband mm-Wave 5G and beyond Networks for Aviation

Albagory

2020

Electronics

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Recent advances in communication systems provide an enabling technology for aircraft connection and safety. A promising communication system that uses stratospheric platforms provides an efficient and improved communication performance and can be an efficient solution for establishing communication networks for aviation. Therefore, in this paper, a novel communication network based on stratospheric basestation (SB) is proposed to provide fifth-generation (5G) and beyond services for civil aviation aircrafts to improve global flight connectivity, control, and safety. The proposed aircraft–SB network is demonstrated, and its coverage geometry is modelled and investigated. As the 5G and beyond networks use millimeter wave frequency bands (mm-wave), the performance of different atmospheric losses including gaseous absorption, rain, and fog/cloud is analyzed to investigate the system’s practical feasibility at different 5G proposed frequencies ranging from 3.5 to 66 GHz through a flight model including three distinct stages which are takeoff/landing, climbing/descending, and cruise stages. Also, handover scenarios in the proposed aircraft–SB network are investigated and analyzed at the proposed 5G frequencies. In addition, the aircraft–SB 5G network is compared to the most recent low-Earth orbit (LEO) Internet satellites where the proposed system is expected to provide low latency, less atmospheric attenuation, longer aircraft–SB link duration, and very low handover rate.

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“…In future wireless communication, it is expected that hundreds of different devices and users communicate with each other simultaneously. The explosive growth in user data demand with a 1000-fold increase in user density triggers the need to explore the broader horizon of the radio link to accommodate future requisites with a more comprehensive approach effectively [1]. An enormous amount of research was conducted and still being performed in various sections of radio communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference Management in 5G and Beyond Network: Requirements, Challenges and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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In the modern technological world, wireless communication has taken a massive leap from the conventional communication system to a new radio communication network. The novel concept of Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks brings a combination of a diversified set of devices and machines with great improvement in a unique way compared to previous technologies. To broaden the user's experience, 5G technology provides the opportunity to meet the people's potential necessities for efficient communication. Specifically, researchers have designed a network of small cells with unfamiliar technologies that have never been introduced before. The new network design is an amalgamation of various schemes such as Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, Internet of Things (IoT), Relay Node (RN), Beamforming, Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO), millimeter-wave (mm-wave), and so on. Also, enhancement in predecessor's techniques is required so that new radio is compatible with a traditional network. However, the disparate technological models' design and concurrent practice have created an unacceptable intervention in each other's signals. These vulnerable interferences have significantly degraded the overall network performance. This review article scrutinizes the issues of interferences observed and studied in different structures and techniques of the 5G and beyond network. The study focuses on the various interference effect in HetNet, RN, D2D, and IoT. Furthermore, as an in-depth literature review, we discuss various types of interferences related to each method by studying the state-of-the-art relevant research in the literature. To provide new insight into interference issue management for the next-generation network, we address and explore various relevant topics in each section that help make the system more robust. Overall, this review article's goal is to guide all the stakeholders, including students, operators, engineers, and researchers, aiming to explore this promising research theme, comprehend interferences and their types, and related techniques to mitigate them. We also state methodologies proposed by the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and present the promising and feasible research directions toward this challenging topic for the realization of 5G and beyond network.

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Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

Cited by 81 publications

References 269 publications

6G Ecosystem: Current Status and Future Perspective

6G Ecosystem: Current Status and Future Perspective

Modelling, Investigation, and Feasibility of Stratospheric Broadband mm-Wave 5G and beyond Networks for Aviation

Interference Management in 5G and Beyond Network: Requirements, Challenges and Future Directions

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