Covalent modification of graphitic carbon substrates by non-electrochemical methods

Abstract

Abstract:New methods for modifying graphitic carbon surfaces without electrochemical assistance, and without the deliberate formation of carbon surface oxygen functionalities, have emerged in the past decade. The approaches rely on spontaneous reactions of aryldiazonium salts, primary amines, ammonia and iodine azide at room temperature, chemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts, reactions of alkenes and alkynes at elevated temperatures, and photochemical reactions of alkenes, alkynes, azides and diazirines. This review describes the methodology and scope of these reactions at graphitic carbon materials (excluding carbon nanotubes), examines mechanistic possibilities and future prospects.

Nanoscale films covalently attached to conducting substrates: structure and dynamic behaviour of the layers

“…The stability of the covalent attachment and the simplicity of the procedures are attractive features of these methods. Most commonly, the reactions are initiated electrochemically, but can also occur spontaneously at room temperature, or with thermal or photolytic activation [3]. The first example of electrochemically-assisted covalent modification of graphitic carbon substrates was reported in 1990 [4].…”

“Hydrothermal wrapping” with poly(4-vinylpyridine) introduces functionality: pH-sensitive core–shell carbon nanomaterials

“…Functionalised nanocarbon materials are readily obtained by covalent binding [8,9], physisorption [10], or the interaction of polymers with carbon surfaces [11]. Functionalised carbon blacks are used in industry (e.g.…”

Photoluminescent Detection of Nitrite with Carbon Nanodots Prepared by Microwave-assisted Synthesis

“…As for the reaction between carbon substrates and diazonium compounds in a homogeneous solution, it is well accepted that the reaction proceeds, through reductive radical formation with loss of nitrogen, by spontaneous reactions promoted by chemical reducing agents, heat, or UV irradiation. 24 To facilitate the reductive decomposition of diazotized p-PDA, we tested the effect of hypophosphorous acid 25 as a reducing agent. Although the decay time was shortened by the addition of hypophosphorous acid, it took, however, more than an hour to exhibit negligible small absorbance (> 0.02) at 352 nm (figure not shown).…”