“Hydrothermal wrapping” with poly(4-vinylpyridine) introduces functionality: pH-sensitive core–shell carbon nanomaterials

Lawrence, Katherine; Nelson, Geoffrey W.; Foord, John S.; Felipe-Sotelo, M.; Evans, Nicholas D.M.; Mitchels, John M.; James, Tony D.; Xia, Fengjie; Marken, Frank

doi:10.1039/c3ta10198c

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For most voltammetric pH sensor systems the measurement of a voltammetric current response is linked to a potential read out (relative to an internal standard) to give the pH reading. The use of a purely capacitive current signal (reported here) based on the charging/discharging currents (although briefly mentioned previously for core-shell carbon nanoparticle systems [24]) appears to be new and potentially very robust (there is no need for potential control) and there are opportunities for simple nano-sensor device concepts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbonization of polymers of intrinsic microporosity to microporous heterocarbon: Capacitive pH measurements

Hernandez

Iniesta

Montiel

et al. 2017

Applied Materials Today

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A nitrogen-containing polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-EA-TB-H2 ; nitrogen adsorption surface area 846 m 2 g −1) is vacuum carbonized at 700 • C and thereby directly without post-treatment converted into a microporous heterocarbon (cPIM; N2 adsorption surface area 425 m 2 g −1). Nitrogen functional-ities in the polymer backbone are retained in the heterocarbon and appear responsible for unusual time-, electrolyte-, and pH-dependent properties. Electrochemical characterization suggests a high specific capacitance (typically 50 F g −1) but only after prolonged immersion in aqueous HClO4. The timedependent increase in capacitance during immersion is assigned to slow hydration and ingress of HClO4 into hydrophobic micropores (H2 SO4 or H3 PO4 are more hydrophilic and much less effective). Once hydrated, the microporous heterocarbon exhibits pH-dependent capacitance "switching" over a wide pH range and analytical applications as "capacitive" pH sensor are proposed. .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbonization of polymers of intrinsic microporosity to microporous heterocarbon: Capacitive pH measurements

Hernandez

Iniesta

Montiel

et al. 2017

Applied Materials Today

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“…[137] in ethanol for straightforward deposition onto electrodes. [139] The strongly pH-dependent properties of the material were shown by using zeta-potential measurements, which indicated a point of zero charge (PZC) occurring at approximately pH 4.5; this suggests that the negative functional groups were dominating in the more alkaline range and positive functional groups were dominating in acidic conditions (Figure 13B). Also, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggested the presence of carboxylate and pyridinium functional groups as negative and positive charge bearers, respectively, which was confirmed by using voltammetric measurements for adsorbed cations (methylene blue) and adsorbed anions (indigo carmine).…”

Section: Applications Of Surface-modified Carbon Nanoparticles With Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C) Schematic diagrams of core-shell nanoparticles at different pH values. [139] Figure 14. Schematic representation of the interaction of a CNP-stabilized microdroplet with an ITO electrode surface based on 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinato manganeseA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (III) chloride (MnTPP) undergoing a one-electron reduction at surface-bound CNP.…”

Section: Electrode Surfaces Modified With Carbon-nanoparticle Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negatively charged Emperor 2000 carbon nanoparticles have been used in the formation of a novel core‐shell material by hydrothermal wrapping in a poly(4‐vinylpyridine) cationomer (P4VP). The core‐shell nanocomposite material that had a thin shell (20–40 nm wrapped particle diameter) was water‐insoluble but could readily be dispersed in ethanol for straightforward deposition onto electrodes 139. The strongly pH‐dependent properties of the material were shown by using zeta‐potential measurements, which indicated a point of zero charge (PZC) occurring at approximately pH 4.5; this suggests that the negative functional groups were dominating in the more alkaline range and positive functional groups were dominating in acidic conditions (Figure 13B).…”

Section: Electrode Surfaces Modified With Carbon Nanoparticle Blacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles, Blacks and Soots as Electron‐Transfer Building Blocks and Conduits

Lawrence

Baker

James

et al. 2014

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Functionalized carbon nanoparticles (or blacks) have promise as novel active high‐surface‐area electrode materials, as conduits for electrons to enzymes or connections through lipid films, or as nano‐building blocks in electroanalysis. With previous applications of bare nanoblacks and composites mainly in electrochemical charge storage and as substrates in fuel cell devices, the full range of benefits of bare and functionalized carbon nanoparticles in assemblies and composite (bio)electrodes is still emerging. Carbon nanoparticles are readily surface‐modified, functionalized, embedded, or assembled into nanostructures, employed in bioelectrochemical systems, and incorporated into novel electrochemical sensing devices. This focus review summarizes aspects of a rapidly growing field and some of the recent developments in carbon nanoparticle functionalization with potential applications in (bio)electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and electroanalytical processes.

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“…[1][2][3] The poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) could efficiently catalyze the Knoevenagel reactions and exhibits excellent coordinative reactivity with transition metal due to possessing basic pyridine groups. [4][5][6] However, the pure polymer materials own drawbacks of low thermal stability, poor mechanical strength, and low surface area, which strongly limited their further application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Grafted Ordered Mesoporous Silica via Surface-Initiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

Yang¹,

Ma²,

Nie³

et al. 2013

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The organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica composite with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) grafted on SBA-15 was synthesized via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and characterized by N 2 -physical adsorption, TEM, XRD, ICP, and TGA techniques. The results indicate that P4VP-g-SBA-15 has improved properties when compared to the pure P4VP polymer and P4VP supported on SBA-15 via in situ free radical polymerization. This study would reveal great potential for controlled synthesis of functional polymers in organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous materials.

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“Hydrothermal wrapping” with poly(4-vinylpyridine) introduces functionality: pH-sensitive core–shell carbon nanomaterials

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Carbonization of polymers of intrinsic microporosity to microporous heterocarbon: Capacitive pH measurements

Carbonization of polymers of intrinsic microporosity to microporous heterocarbon: Capacitive pH measurements

Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles, Blacks and Soots as Electron‐Transfer Building Blocks and Conduits

Synthesis of Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Grafted Ordered Mesoporous Silica via Surface-Initiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

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