Covalent Immobilization of Cellulose Layers onto Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Thin Films

Abstract

Thin films of cellulose are advantageous for analytical studies in aqueous environments to investigate various factors determining the performance of cellulose-based products. However, the weak fixation of cellulose layers on common carrier materials often limits this approach. To address this problem, we suggest a novel maleic anhydride copolymer precoating technique which allows for the covalent attachment of cellulose thin films through esterification. Maleic anhydride copolymers were deposited and covalently bound onto planar, aminosilane-modified glass or silicon oxide surfaces. Cellulose was subsequently immobilized on top of the copolymer precoatings by spin coating from N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide/dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The resulting cellulose films were thoroughly characterized with respect to layer thickness, morphology, chemical constitution, and electrical charging. The stability of the layers against shear stress was demonstrated in aqueous solutions and the covalent attachment of the cellulose to the copolymer films was proven by means of dissolution experiments followed by ellipsometry and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Sulfated cellulose thin films with antithrombin affinity

“…The two celluloses (CEL I, CEL II) were subsequently immobilized onto the PEMA films. A 0.5 wt% solution of cellulose (CEL I or CEL II) in dimethyl sulfoxide/4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide monohydrate (solution of 40 wt% DMSO and 60 wt% NMMO) was used for immobilization following a published procedure [15]. The polymer-coated (Si wafer or glass) carriers were tempered at 120°C for 2 h just prior to spin coating to regenerate the anhydride form of the copolymers.…”

“…The atomic composition of PEMA-CEL I and PEMA-CEL II was determined by XPS (see Table 1). Based on detailed XPS investigations previously reported [15], 4 types of carbon atoms with different chemical environment were defined within the cellulosic layers and are listed in Table 2. The related high-resolution C1s spectrum of a cellulose film on a PEMA support is given in Figure 2a.…”

“…Maleic anhydride copolymer (MA) thin films were shown to be a versatile platform for the biomolecular functionalization of solid supports [14]. Previous studies included the covalent attachment of cellulose on MA pre-coatings via an esterification reaction [15]. This approach was applied in the present work to gain thin and stable cellulose coatings using two types of cellulose CEL I (DP 215-240) and CEL II (DP 1300-1400).…”

Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles of Poly(ethyleneimine) and Poly(acrylic acid): Preparation and Applications

“…Thin cellulose model films were prepared taking reference to a protocol described therein [25] but modified with respect to the type of adhesion promoter, which will be described therein [26]. Generally, instead of a copolymer of maleic acid anhydride herein a polyepoxide compound was used to chemically bind cellulose onto silicon substrates.…”

Sulfated Glycopolymer Thin Films—Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Activity

“…The cellulose was immobilized from a 0.5 wt.-% dimethyl sulfoxide/4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide monohydrate (DMSO/ NMMO, 2/3 wt.-%) solution following a described procedure. [14,15] The gained samples were immersed into Millipore water and air-dried overnight. Annealing (120 8C, 2 h) was followed by submerging the samples twice in water for 1 h, drying under N 2 stream, and placing into a vacuo oven at 35 8C for 2 h.…”