Covalent attachment of a three-dimensionally printed thermoplast to a gelatin hydrogel for mechanically enhanced cartilage constructs

Boere, Kristel W. M.; Visser, Jetze; Seyednejad, Hajar; Rahimian, Sima; Gawlitta, Debby; Steenbergen, Mies J. van; Dhert, Wouter J.A.; Hennink, Wim E.; Vermonden, Tina; Malda, Jos

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.041

Cited by 128 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This approach was on the basis of our previous finding that covalent attachment of the hydrogel component to a scaffold that was fabricated from modified, methacrylated PCL, resulted in increased construct strength 29 . It should be noted that etching results in an increase in van de Waals forces but does not establish covalent bonds between the hydrogel and the reinforcing scaffold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogel component of the composite constructs will degrade within months 14,29 , allowing the regeneration of new tissue, while the PCL component degrades within years 50 forming a temporary reinforcing network to the new tissue. Under physiological compressive loading of 20% strain and 1 Hz, our gene expression data suggest that chondrocyte expression of matrix mRNAs is significantly upregulated in composite hydrogels compared with ARTICLE non-reinforced, weak hydrogels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties of hydrogels in such composites are less demanding; therefore, they can be processed with a low crosslink density, which is beneficial for cell migration and the formation of neo-tissue 2,3 . Recent composite systems include nonwoven scaffolds manufactured via solution-electrospinning techniques 9,[24][25][26][27] and scaffolds fabricated via 3D-printing [28][29][30][31][32][33] . Owing to the small fibre diameters that can be obtained, electrospun meshes have the potential to mimic native tissue extracellular matrix structures, including its mechanical properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

et al. 2015

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“…It should be clarified that no attempt was made to chemically crosslink the hydrogel bioink to the PCL fibres. This may be a potential limitation at higher strains and future work will explore improving the integrity of the interface through covalent attachment of the hydrogel to the PCL filaments [23] . Importantly, the capacity of these constructs to support endochondral bone formation was not compromised at the expense of the added mechanical functionality associated with the integration of the PCL micro-fibres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Bioprinting of Developmentally Inspired Templates for Whole Bone Organ Engineering

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Cunniffe

Sathy

et al. 2016

Adv Healthcare Materials

213

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The ability to print defined patterns of cells and extracellular-matrix components in three dimensions has enabled the engineering of simple biological tissues, however bioprinting functional solid organs is beyond the capabilities of current biofabrication technologies. An alternative approach would be to bioprint the developmental precursor to an adult organ, using this engineered rudiment as a template for subsequent organogenesis in vivo. Here we demonstrate that developmentally inspired hypertrophic cartilage templates can be engineered in vitro using stem cells within a supporting gamma-irradiated alginate bioink incorporating Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) adhesion peptides.Furthermore, these soft tissue templates can be reinforced with a network of printed polycaprolactone fibres, resulting in a ~350 fold increase in construct compressive modulus providing the necessary stiffness to implant such immature cartilaginous rudiments into load bearing locations. As a proofof-principal, multiple-tool biofabrication was used to engineer a mechanically reinforced cartilaginous template mimicking the geometry of a vertebral body, which in vivo supported the development of a vascularized bone organ containing trabecular-like endochondral bone with a supporting marrow structure. Such developmental engineering approaches could be applied to the biofabrication of other solid organs by bioprinting pre-cursors that have the capacity to mature into their adult counterparts over time in vivo.3

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“…62,63 To prevent disruption of the interface between the two materials during mechanical loading, covalent binding of the thermoplastic polymer and the hydrogel was shown feasible and effective. 64 Additionally, the hybrid printing and covalent binding of both materials did not affect the viability of cells incorporated in the hydrogel. 47,61 An alternative approach to reinforce hydrogel constructs is using melt electrospun meshes.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration

et al. 2016

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques can be used for the fabrication of personalized, regenerative constructs for tissue repair. The current article provides insight into the potential and opportunities of 3D bioprinting for the fabrication of cartilage regenerative constructs. Although 3D printing is already used in the orthopedic clinic, the shift toward 3D bioprinting has not yet occurred. We believe that this shift will provide an important step forward in the field of cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques allow incorporation of cells and biological cues during the manufacturing process, to generate biologically active implants. The outer shape of the construct can be personalized based on clinical images of the patient’s defect. Additionally, by printing with multiple bio-inks, osteochondral or zonally organized constructs can be generated. Relevant mechanical properties can be obtained by hybrid printing with thermoplastic polymers and hydrogels, as well as by the incorporation of electrospun meshes in hydrogels. Finally, bioprinting techniques contribute to the automation of the implant production process, reducing the infection risk. To prompt the shift from nonliving implants toward living 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs in the clinic, some challenges need to be addressed. The bio-inks and required cartilage construct architecture need to be further optimized. The bio-ink and printing process need to meet the sterility requirements for implantation. Finally, standards are essential to ensure a reproducible quality of the 3D printed constructs. Once these challenges are addressed, 3D bioprinted living articular cartilage implants may find their way into daily clinical practice.

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Covalent attachment of a three-dimensionally printed thermoplast to a gelatin hydrogel for mechanically enhanced cartilage constructs

Cited by 128 publications

References 67 publications

Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

3D Bioprinting of Developmentally Inspired Templates for Whole Bone Organ Engineering

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration

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