Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

Visser, Jetze; Melchels, Ferry P.W.; Jeon, June; Bussel, Erik M. van; Kimpton, L. S.; Byrne, Helen M.; Dhert, Wouter J.A.; Dalton, Paul D.; Hutmacher, Dietmar W.; Malda, Jos

doi:10.1038/ncomms7933

Cited by 605 publications

(611 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Based on this concept, some attempts have been made to fabricate fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Utilizing this technique, researchers have been able to increase and tune the stiffness and toughness achievable with hydrogel-based systems. However, developing soft composites with synergistically improved mechanical properties, such as those seen in hard bioinspired composites, is still a challenge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐Dissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites

Huang

King

Sun

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

127

131

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(1 of 10) 1605350 materials exhibiting both excellent loadbearing capacity and fracture resistance, as can be observed from both hard tissues [3][4][5][6][7] (e.g., nacre and bone) and soft tissues (e.g., ligament and tendon), [8][9][10] by combining rigid, brittle components (either inorganic or organic) and soft, organic components into composite materials. Most of these natural materials have highly complex hierarchical architectures existing over multiple length scales, which results in composite properties that far exceed what could be expected from a simple combination of the individual components. [3] Many researchers have attempted to mimic the unique natural structures of tough, hard hybrid materials, but only a few studies have achieved remarkable success comparable to that of nature. [11][12][13][14] For example, a bioinspired alumina hybrid material with specific strength and toughness comparable to aluminum alloys was synthesized by combining a hard yet brittle ceramic with relatively soft poly(methyl methacrylate), where nacre-like multiple toughening mechanisms at multiple scales resulted in exceptional fracture resistance. [12] As a vital class of soft materials, tough hydrogels have shown strong potential as structural biomaterials. [15][16][17][18][19][20] These hydrogels alone, however, still possess limited mechanical properties (low modulus) when compared to some load-bearing tissues, e.g., ligaments and tendons. To reproduce the exceptional strength and toughness seen in soft load-bearing tissues, one strategy is to combine an energy-dissipative tough hydrogel with rigid yet flexible fibers to create a composite, similar to fibrous tissues. [21][22][23] In this composite concept, the rigid fiberbased component increases the specific strength while the gel matrix dissipates energy. Based on this concept, some attempts have been made to fabricate fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Utilizing this technique, researchers have been able to increase and tune the stiffness and toughness achievable with hydrogel-based systems. However, developing soft composites with synergistically improved mechanical properties, such as those seen in hard bioinspired composites, is still a challenge.Recently, our group has developed a new class of tough hydrogels, polyampholyte (PA) gels (fracture energy, T = 3000 J m −2 ), based on multiple ionic bonds acting as reversible sacrificial bonds in the gel network. [18,30] Interestingly, PA gels also demonstrate unique interfacial bonding to charged surfaces, either positive or negative, due to the self-adjustable Coulombic interaction of the dynamic ionic bonds of the PA. [31] The PA gels are synthesized from radical polymerization of oppositely Energy-Dissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft CompositesYiwan Huang, Daniel R. King, Tao Lin Sun, Takayuki Nonoyama, Takayuki Kurokawa, Tasuku Nakajima, and Jian Ping Gong* Tough hydrogels have shown strong potential as structural biomaterials. These hydrogels a...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐Dissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites

Huang

King

Sun

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

127

131

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“…Visser et al [20] proposed a solution in the form of reinforced hydrogels. A PCL microfiber scaffold with a porosity of 93-98% was made using a method called melt electrospinning writing, and subsequently infused with either alginate or gelatin methacrylate (GelMA).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fabrication of bone and cartilage an important factor is the mechanical strength of the construct, as mechanical stability is an important function of these tissues [20,61,62]. Kang et al [63] were able to print mechanically stable constructs by co-printing cell-laden hydrogels with a biodegradable polymer.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current developments in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering

Cornelissen

Faulkner-Jones

Shu

2017

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61660/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTCurrent developments in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering AbstractThe field of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have enjoyed rapid development in the past few years for the applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize the most updated developments in 3D bioprinting for the applications in the tissue engineering with a focus on the printable biomaterials used as bioinks. These developments include 1) novel printing regimes have been enabled by the use of fugitive inks for the creation of intricate structures e.g. vascularized tissue constructs; 2) mechanical strength of printed constructs can be enhanced by co-printing soft and hard biomaterials; 3) bioprinted in-vitro models for drug testing applications are closer to reality. We conclude that the research and application of new bioinks will remain the key highlights of the future developments in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering.

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“…Numerous studies were reported on the bone scaffolds fabricated by melt electrospinning with smaller strut diameter rather than FDM technique Visser et al, 2015). While in methods like FDM the strut diameter is restricted to greater than 100 micron, melt electrospinning could obtain lower diameters (Brown et al, 2011).…”

Section: Figure 11 Investigation Of the Effect Of Struts' Diameter Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: the effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Naghieh¹,

Karamooz-Ravari²,

Badrossamay³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In recent years, thanks to additive manufacturing technology, researchers have gone towards the optimization of bone scaffolds for the bone reconstruction. Bone scaffolds should have appropriate biological as well as mechanical properties in order to play a decisive role in bone healing. Since the fabrication of scaffolds is time consuming and expensive, numerical methods are often utilized to simulate their mechanical properties in order to find a nearly optimum one. Finite element analysis is one of the most common numerical methods that is used in this regard. In this paper, a parametric finite element model is developed to assess the effects of layer adhesion on the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds. To be able to validate this model, some compression test specimens as well as bone scaffolds are fabricated with biocompatible and biodegradable poly lactic acid using fused deposition modeling. All these specimens are tested in compression and their elastic modulus is obtained. Using the material parameters of the compression test specimens, the finite element analysis of the bone scaffold is performed. The obtained elastic modulus is compared with experiment indicating a good agreement. Accordingly, the proposed finite element model is able to predict the mechanical behavior of fabricated bone scaffolds accurately. In addition, the effect of post-heating of bone scaffolds on their elastic modulus is investigated. The results demonstrate that the numerically predicted elastic modulus of scaffold is closer to experimental outcomes in comparison with as-build samples.

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Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres

Cited by 605 publications

References 53 publications

Energy‐Dissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites

Energy‐Dissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites

Current developments in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: the effect of layer penetration and post-heating

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