Counterfactual quantum key distribution with high efficiency

Quantum Cryptography: Key Distribution and Beyond

“…Though counterfactual quantum cryptography may not be so useful for long-distance communication, it is interesting conceptually [104,105]. Schemes to improve the efficiency of counterfactual quantum key distribution protocols [106,107], security analysis of such schemes under various attacks such as intercept-resend and counterfactual attacks [108][109][110], experimental realisation using different set-ups [25,111,112], direct communication protocols [113] and counterfactual generation and distribution of entanglement [114] have contributed towards better understanding of applying counterfactuality. The basic idea of the direct communication protocol is to ensure counterfactual transfer of information using the chained beamsplitter approach mentioned earlier.…”

Quantum Identity Authentication in the Counterfactual Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

“…In 2009, Noh proposed a QKD protocol [ 27 ] inspired by the counterfactual phenomena in quantum world [ 28 ] and the counterfactual computation [ 29 ]. The next year, Sun et al proposed a high efficiency version of counterfactual QKD utilizing more beam splitters [ 30 ]. The same year, Yin et al proved the security of Noh’s protocol strictly [ 31 ].…”

Counterfactual distribution of Schrödinger cat states

“…Since the proposal of the counterfactual key distribution protocol Noh-2009 (N09) [8], there has been an upsurge of interest in this area, leading to contributions devoted to improving its efficiency [9,10], to security considerations under various attacks [11][12][13], to modified communication schemes [14,15], applications [16][17][18] and experimental proposals or realizations [19].…”