Cost and performance analysis of concentrating solar power systems with integrated latent thermal energy storage

Nithyanandam, Karthik; Pitchumani, R.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.095

Cited by 165 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For the s-CO 2 cycle system, with no TES the LCE was 11.07 ₵/kWh, with sensible heat storage it was 6.49 ₵/kWh, with the heat pipes based system it was 5.77 ₵/kWh and it was only 5.37 ₵/kWh for the encapsulated PCM, a reduction of 48 % from the no-TES case and a reduction of 11 % over the sensible heat storage case. Similar reductions in costs were seen for the Rankine cycle systems [34].…”

Section: Concentrating Solar Power Plantssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Energy Storage Applications

Fleischer

2015

Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials

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As discussed in Chap. 1, energy storage through solid-liquid phase change is inherently a transient process and is best suited for systems that experience repeated transients, such as on-off or periodic peaking cycles, or for those systems which require thermal energy storage for later use. PCMs are commonly used in applications for both thermal management and for thermal energy storage.Interest in PCMs for thermal management of systems can be traced back at least through the 1970s. NASA in particular was interested in the use of PCMs as what were then referred to as "thermal capacitors" and PCMs were implemented in several moon vehicles and in Skylab [1]. The 1977 NASA tech brief "A Design Handbook for Phase Change Thermal Control and Energy Storage Devices" [2] was one of the first comprehensive PCM references, and is still widely cited and used today.During the 1970s and 1980s, interest was also building in the application of PCMs in solar systems [3-5] for thermal energy storage in both large solar plants, and in smaller domestic applications such as domestic hot water systems. The concept of embedding PCMs in various types of building materials, such as wallboard and floorboards, in order to create houses and offices with lower heating and cooling loads for greater energy efficiency, also began in the 1970s/80s [6,7]. Simultaneously, a significant amount of fundamental research was being completed on PCMs, considering in-depth the melting and solidification processes, and the roles of conduction and natural convection on the phase change processes [8][9][10][11].With the growth of computing power through the 1980s and 1990s, integrated circuits began dissipating significant amounts of heat and PCM applications in the thermal management of high performance, military and consumer electronics came on the scene in the late 1990s [12][13][14]. More recently, PCMs have seen application in textile design for energy absorbing clothing for military and consumer products [15].

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Section: Concentrating Solar Power Plantssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…A detailed economic analysis of the benefits of PCM in CSP applications was also undertaken by Nithyanandam and Pitchumani [34]. In this analytical study they used the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCE) metric to compare CSP plants operating on either Rankine or s-CO 2 cycles with integrated TES.…”

Section: Concentrating Solar Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Applications

Fleischer

2015

Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials

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“…PHS is limited to its present penetration plus preliminary and pending permits as of 2015. CSP is coupled with a PCM rather than molten salt because of the greater efficiency and lower cost of the PCM (25). The maximum charge rate of CSP storage (thus mirror collector size) can be up to a factor of 5 the maximum discharge rate of CSP steam turbines to increase CSP's capacity factor (26).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Jacobson

Delucchi

Cameron

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

363

175

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This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050-2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide.energy security | climate change | grid stability | renewable energy | energy cost W orldwide, the development of wind, water, and solar (WWS) energy is expanding rapidly because it is sustainable, clean, safe, widely available, and, in many cases, already economical. However, utilities and grid operators often argue that today's power systems cannot accommodate significant variable wind and solar supplies without failure (1). Several studies have addressed some of the grid reliability issues with high WWS penetrations (2-21), but no study has analyzed a system that provides the maximum possible long-term environmental and social benefits, namely supplying all energy end uses with only WWS power (no natural gas, biofuels, or nuclear power), with no load loss at reasonable cost. This paper fills this gap. It describes the ability of WWS installations, determined consistently over each of the 48 contiguous United States (CONUS) and with wind and solar power output predicted in time and space with a 3D climate/weather model, accounting for extreme variability, to provide time-dependent load reliably and at low cost when combined with storage and demand response (DR) for the period 2050-2055, when a 100% WWS world may exist. Materials and MethodsThe key to this study is the development of a grid integration model (LOADMATCH). Inputs include time-dependent loads (every 30 s for 6 y); timedependent intermittent wind and solar resources (every 30 s for 6 y) predicted with a 3D global climate/weather model; time-dependent hydropower, geothermal, tidal, and wave resources; capacities and maximum charge/ discharge rates of several types of storage technologies, including hydrogen (H 2 ); specifications of losses from storage, transmission, distribution, and maintenance; and specifications of a DR system. Loads and Storage. CONUS loads for 2050-2055 for use in LOADMATCH are derived as follows. Annual CONUS loads are first e...

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“…That material is referred to as PCM (phase change material) and is the key element determining the overall performance of the storage system. PCMs promises one of the highest energy densities and lowest costs of existing TES materials [1], [2]. However, current LHTES solutions are subject to a very low heat extraction rate from the storage medium, which is attributed to the low solid-phase thermal conductivity and moderate latent heat of PCMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra high temperature latent heat energy storage and thermophotovoltaic energy conversion

Datas

Ramos

Martı́

et al. 2016

Energy

112

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A conceptual energy storage system design that utilizes ultra high temperature phase change materials is presented. In this system, the energy is stored in the form of latent heat and converted to electricity upon demand by TPV (thermophotovoltaic) cells. Silicon is considered in this study as PCM (phase change material) due to its extremely high latent heat (1800 J/g), melting point (1410ºC), thermal conductivity (~25 W/m-K), low cost (less than $2/kg or $4/kWh) and abundance on earth. The proposed system enables an enormous thermal energy storage density of ~ 1 MWh/m 3 , which is 10-20 times higher than that of lead-acid batteries, 2-6 times than that of Li-ion batteries and 5-10 times than that of the current state of the art TES systems utilized in CSP (concentrated solar power) applications. The discharge efficiency of the system is ultimately determined by the TPV converter, which theoretically can exceed 50%. However, realistic discharge efficiencies utilizing single junction TPV cells are in the range of 20-45%, depending on the semiconductor bandgap and quality, and the photon recycling efficiency. This concept has the potential to achieve output electric energy densities in the range of 200-450 kWh e /m 3 , which is comparable to the best performing state of the art Lithium-ion batteries.

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Cost and performance analysis of concentrating solar power systems with integrated latent thermal energy storage

Cited by 165 publications

References 19 publications

Energy Storage Applications

Energy Storage Applications

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Ultra high temperature latent heat energy storage and thermophotovoltaic energy conversion

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