“…Owing to good corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance, low friction coefficient, and high hardness, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have served as, for example, protective coatings in various tribological applications, where high speed, heavy load, and high temperatures are applied. − Although DLC films can be prepared by various deposition methods assisted by all types of hydrocarbon gases, ,− many issues exist. For example, high-energy ion bombardment is required to supply sufficient energy (beyond the permeation threshold) to promote the transition from the hybridized sp 2 bond to hybridized sp 3 bond, thereby facilitating the growth of films with more diamond-like characteristics. , In addition, the poor adhesive behavior between DLC film and substrate caused by high compressive residual stress and the mismatch of interfacial atomic bonding characteristics also limits its application. , Various methods have been applied to address this problem over the years, such as multilayer and functional graded structures being used to reduce interfacial strain and to enhance interfacial adhesion. ,, However, this multistep process is still comparatively time-consuming and therefore costly in production.…”