Deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings: Conventional to non-conventional approaches for emerging markets

Zia, Abdul Wasy; Birkett, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.005

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…At the fixed temperature of 30 °C tthe intensity ratio I D /I G increases with the increase of applied load ranging from 100 to 300 N, and in likewise, at the fixed load of 100 N, the value of I D /I G also increases with the increase of temperature from 30 °C to 150 °C, which indicates that W-DLC film has a tendency to graphitize under elevated temperature and applied load conditions. These behaviors fully correspond to literatures and are usually explained in terms of an increase of sp 2 fraction and the rearrangement of more sp 2 -phase C in aromatic ring structures [18,32,33]. It is speculated that the microhardness and shear resistance of the worn surfaces decreased due to the increased degree of graphitization under elevated temperature and applied load conditions, and hence induced the rise of wear rates of the DLC coatings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In the present study, W-DLC film was selected as the solid film in solid-liquid composite lubrication system. As is widely known, the mechanical property of DLC films could be tailored by the doping of various elements [18][19][20]. The incorporation of W in DLC can effectively reduce the internal stress and increase the adaptability for high-temperature friction environment [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The tribological performance of W-DLC in solid–liquid lubrication system addivated with Cu nanoparticles

Li¹,

Kong²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Judicious selection of additives having chemical and physical compatibility with the DLC films may help improving the triboligical properties and durability life of DLC-oil composite lubrication systems. In this study, Cu nanoparticles were added to PAO6 base oil to compose a solid-liquid composite lubrication system with W-DLC film. The effects of nanoparticle concentration, test temperature and applied load on tribological performance were systematically studied by a ball-on-disk friction test system. The tribological results illustrated that Cu nanoparticles could lower the coefficient of friction (COF) and dramatically reduce the wear rates of W-DLC films. The optimal tribological behavior was achieved for the 0.1 wt.% concentration under 30 ℃ and the applied load of 100 N. The test temperature and applied load were vital influencing factors of the solid–liquid lubrication system. The bearing effect and soft colloidal abrasive film of spherical Cu nanoparticle contributed to the excellent tribological performance of the composite lubrication system under mild test conditions, meanwhile, the local delamination of W-DLC film and oxidation were the main causes of the friction failure under harsh test conditions. With test temperature and applied loads increase the degree of graphitization of the W-DLC film increased. In conclusion, there are several pivotal factors affecting the tribological performance of solid–liquid lubrication systems, including the number of nanoparticles between rubbing contact area, graphitization of the worn W-DLC films, tribofilms on the worn ball specimens and oxidation formed in friction test, and the dominant factor is determined by the testing condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tribological performance of W-DLC in solid–liquid lubrication system addivated with Cu nanoparticles

Li¹,

Kong²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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“…There are several deposition methods to produce DLC coatings. Among the most commonly employed methods are Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) [1, 13,14]. PVD techniques, which include sputtering and cathodic vacuum arc, are renowned for producing high-quality coatings that exhibit superior mechanical and tribological performance [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the most commonly employed methods are Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) [1, 13,14]. PVD techniques, which include sputtering and cathodic vacuum arc, are renowned for producing high-quality coatings that exhibit superior mechanical and tribological performance [13,15]. However, these techniques necessitate high vacuum environments and elevated temperatures, potentially limiting their applicability to certain substrates and complex geometries [13,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing UV Radiation Resilience of DLC-Coated Stainless Steel with TiO2: A Dual-Layer Approach

Macário,

da Silveira,

Vieira

et al. 2024

Coatings

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This study presents an innovative dual-layer coating approach integrating titanium dioxide (TiO2) onto diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated 316L stainless steel. The combination of PECVD-deposited DLC and ALD-deposited TiO2 aims to preserve the inherent tribological properties of DLC while mitigating UV-induced degradation. By leveraging the ability of TiO2 to absorb, reflect, and scatter UV light, this dual-layer strategy significantly enhances the durability of DLC coatings in radiation-prone environments. The effects of accelerated aging through UV exposure on DLC and DLC/TiO2 films were evaluated using an Accelerated Weathering Tester. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the structural and mechanical properties before and after UV exposure, including Raman spectroscopy, profilometry, SEM, EDS, nanoindentation, and tribometry. The results demonstrate that the TiO2 layer effectively mitigates UV-induced damage, preserving the DLC film’s integrity and tribological performance even after 408 h of UV aging. Specifically, the DLC/TiO2 coatings maintained lower roughness, higher hardness, and better adhesion than DLC-only coatings under identical conditions. This research significantly advances protective coating technology by enhancing the durability and performance of DLC films, particularly in aerospace and other demanding industries where exposure to UV radiation is a critical concern.

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“…Owing to good corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance, low friction coefficient, and high hardness, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have served as, for example, protective coatings in various tribological applications, where high speed, heavy load, and high temperatures are applied. − Although DLC films can be prepared by various deposition methods assisted by all types of hydrocarbon gases, ,− many issues exist. For example, high-energy ion bombardment is required to supply sufficient energy (beyond the permeation threshold) to promote the transition from the hybridized sp 2 bond to hybridized sp 3 bond, thereby facilitating the growth of films with more diamond-like characteristics. , In addition, the poor adhesive behavior between DLC film and substrate caused by high compressive residual stress and the mismatch of interfacial atomic bonding characteristics also limits its application. , Various methods have been applied to address this problem over the years, such as multilayer and functional graded structures being used to reduce interfacial strain and to enhance interfacial adhesion. ,, However, this multistep process is still comparatively time-consuming and therefore costly in production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Diamond-like Carbon Film on Aermet100 Steel and First-Principles Calculation of Interfacial Adhesion

Chen

Yan

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Three different types of surface-modified layers of N, C, and N+C are successfully prepared on AerMet100 steel by plasma-assisted thermochemical treatment, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are formed on the top surfaces of the latter two. The results show that the DLC films produced by prenitriding and then carburizing (N+C) exhibit a smoother and finer morphology and higher sp 3 content than that without prenitriding (C). In addition, the wear resistance of the N+C specimen with a high hardness nitrided layer as the support for the outermost DLC films is superior to that of the C specimen. In view of the catalytic effect of the Fe 3 C phase on the growth of DLC films, the interfacial properties of Fe 3 C(001)/diamond(111) are investigated using first-principles calculations. On the basis of the most preferred Fe-terminated HCP site model, the effects of alloyed cementite (Fe 2 MC) on interfacial adhesion of Fe 2 MC(001)/diamond(111) are also investigated. Furthermore, the mechanisms of interfacial adhesion for two representative dopings (Zr weakened and V enhanced) are revealed in detail. These results are expected to provide a potential promising means for future experimental works on the preparation of high-performance DLC films on alloy steel surfaces by plasma carburizing.

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Deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings: Conventional to non-conventional approaches for emerging markets

Cited by 36 publications

References 153 publications

The tribological performance of W-DLC in solid–liquid lubrication system addivated with Cu nanoparticles

The tribological performance of W-DLC in solid–liquid lubrication system addivated with Cu nanoparticles

Enhancing UV Radiation Resilience of DLC-Coated Stainless Steel with TiO2: A Dual-Layer Approach

Experimental Study of Diamond-like Carbon Film on Aermet100 Steel and First-Principles Calculation of Interfacial Adhesion

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