Correspondence on a paper by Dr. T. T. Jones: Some preliminary investigations of the phenol‐formaldehyde reaction

Goldblum, Kate

doi:10.1002/jctb.5000690404

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Goldblum [23] reported that the ammonia and acid-catalysed phenol-formaldehyde reactions are similar in nature but the molecular weight of ammonia-catalysed resins were 2-3 times higher than those resin obtained using sulphuric acid as catalyst. Megson [24] reported that under the acidic conditions the reaction is bimolecular, but Jones [25] reported that at low temperatures the reaction is mono-molecular.…”

Section: Phenol-formaldehyde Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenol–formaldehyde runaway reaction: a case study

2014

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Introduction The paper deals with a workspace accident in a phenol-formaldehyde resin plant. Methodology Detail accident investigation has been reported. Error identification and safety-related issues are also discussed. Job hazard analysis and SWOT analysis are used to identify the potential hazards in the workplace. Lesson learnt and management practice is also discussed to prevent similar incident in future. Conclusion Job hazard analysis and SWOT analysis identified the probable causes and remedial action.

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Section: Phenol-formaldehyde Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenol–formaldehyde runaway reaction: a case study

2014

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Zur kinetik der polykondensation von phenolalkoholen

Kämmerer

1952

Makromol. Chem.

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Z U S A M M E N F A S S U N G :Nach einer ubersicht iiber die renktionskinetischen Verfahren bei der Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzbildung und &re Ergebnisse wird an Hand der v. Eulerschen Reaktionskurven zur IIartung von Phenolalkoholen die ubertragbarkeit der Floryschen Kondensatioriskinetik auf diesr Fliirtung gezeigt. S U M hi A HY:After a review of the kinetical methods of phenolic-resin formation and their results, it is demonstrated from the reaction curves of phenol alcohols, published b y v. Euler and coworkers, that the kinetic of condensation devclopped b y P. J. Flory in the polyesterification reactions, is applicable to the polyetherification of phenol alcohols.

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Alkali catalyzed phenol formaldehyde reaction – part I. Formation of mono‐methylol phenols

Yeddanapalli

Gopalakrishna

1959

Makromol. Chem.

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I n the sodium hydroxide-catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde reaction, it has now been possible to isolate the first two parallel reactions leading to the formation of 0-and pmethylol phenols and to study, by means of quantitative ascending paper chromatography, their kinetics and energetics. The reactions are kinetically of second order, one with respect to phenate ion and one in formaldehyde, but a t excess phenol concentration and a given catalyst concentration, they depend only on formaldehyde (concentration). The first order rate constants for production of 0-and p-methylol phenols, at 8OoC., are 2.68 and 2.84sec-l respectively, with about the same energy of activation of 19.77 kcal/mole. Within the pH range of 7-9 studied, the reaction rate is proportional to the alkali concentration, so that the first order rate constants can readily be converted into the true second order constants by means of the relationship, k, = k,/cat.conc. The results indicate that the para position in phenol is twice as reactive in regard to the addition of formaldehyde as the ortho position. A reaction mechanism is suggested to account for the observed results and for the gradual increase of the rate constants with the relative excess concentration of phenol. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Bei der mit Natriumhydroxyd katalysierten Phenol-Formaldehyd-Reaktion war es moglich, die ersten zwei Parallelreaktionen, die zur Bildung von 0-und p-Mcthylolphenol fiihren, zu isolieren und mittels quantitativer aufsteigender Papierchromatographie ihre Kinetik und Energetik zu untersuchen. Die Reaktionen sind kinetisch von 2. Ordnung, abhangig von der Phenolat-Ionen-und der Formaldehyd-Konzentration. Bei iiberschiissigem Phenol und bei gegebener Katalysator-Konzentration sind die Reaktionen nur von der Formaldehyd-Konzentration abhangig. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten 1. Ordnung fur die Bildung von 0-und p-Methylolphenol bei 80°C betragen 2,69 bzw. 2,84. sec-' und haben ungefahr die gleicbe Aktivikrungsenergie von 19,77 kcal/Mol.Innerhalb des untersuchten Bereichs von pH 7-9 ist die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Alkali-Konzentration proportional, so daO die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten 1. Ordnung mit Hire der Beziehung k, = k,/Katal.konz. in die wahren Konstanten 2. Ordnung iiberfiihrt werden konnen. Die Resultate zeigen, daO beziiglich der Anlagerung von Formaldehyd die para-Stellung dcs Phenols doppelt so reaktionsfshig ist wie die ortho-Stellung.Es wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen, der den gefundenen Ergebnissen und dem allmahlichen Anstieg der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten mit dem entsprechenden Phenoliiberschufl gerecht wird.

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Correspondence on a paper by Dr. T. T. Jones: Some preliminary investigations of the phenol‐formaldehyde reaction

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Phenol–formaldehyde runaway reaction: a case study

Phenol–formaldehyde runaway reaction: a case study

Zur kinetik der polykondensation von phenolalkoholen

Alkali catalyzed phenol formaldehyde reaction – part I. Formation of mono‐methylol phenols

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