Correlation of Sugar Release and Concanavalin A Agglutinability with Infectivity of Symbiotic Algae from Paramecium bursaria for Aposymbiotic P. bursaria

Abstract

Toxoplasma REPRODUCTION 117 4. ~ , Stotler WF. 1971. A controlled-environment culture system for high resolution light microscopy. Exp. Cell Res. 68, 144-8. 5. Jones TC, Yeh S, Hirsch JG. 1972. The interaction between Toxoplasma gondii and mammalian cells. I. Mechanism of entry and intracellular fate of the parasite. J. Exp. Med. 136, 1157-72. 6. ___ , Len L, Hirsch JG. 1975. Assessment in uitro of immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. J . Exp. Med. 141, 466-82. 7. Kaufman HE, Maloney E. 1962. Multiplication of three strains of Toxoplasma gondii in tissue culture. J. Parasitol. 48, 358-61. 9. Lycke E, Lund E. 1964. A tissue culture method for titration of infectivity and determination of growth rat? of Toxoplasma gondii. 2. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scan. 60, 221-33. 10. Moore GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. 1967. Culture of normal human leukocytes. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 199. 519-24. 11. Pfefferkorn ER, Pfefferkorn LC. 1976. Toxoplasma gondii: isolation and preliminary characterization of temperaturesensitive mutants. Exp. Parasitol. 39, 365-76. 12. Sethi KK, Pelster B, Suzuki N, Piekarski G, Brandis H 1975. Immunity to Toxoblasma eondii induced in rttro in non-8. ___ , Remington JA, .Jacobs L. 1958. Toxoplasmosis : immune mouse macrophages with specifically immune lymphvcytes. the nature of virulence. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 46, 255-60. SYNOPSISEighteen strains of algae, including 17 formerly symbiotic with Paramecium bursaria, were tested for capacity to release sugar. Detectable amounts of sugar were found in the supernatant fluids from 10 strains, includinq 6 strains infective for aposymbiotic P. bursaria syngen 2. The other 4 sugar-releasing strains were noninfective and released -26-46 pg sugar/mg dry rell weight rompared to -90-175 pg sugar/mg dry cell weight for infective strains. This relationship of infectivitv with capacity to release sugar supplements data that indicate a relationship of infectivity with resistance to Con A agglutination The correlation is completed if we assume that resistance to Con A agglutination and capacity for sugar release must both be present in a n algal strain for infectivity. The data thus strongly suggest that these 2 characteristics must be present for infectivity by any algal strains for aposymbiotic P. bursaria syngen 2.Index Key Words: Paramecium burraria syngen 2 ; symbiotic algae; infectivity; sugar release. PECIFIC sugar release from the cell is a unique feature of

An experimental test of the symbiosis specificity between the ciliate Paramecium bursaria and strains of the unicellular green alga Chlorella

“…Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the endosymbionts of P. bursaria have identified several Chlorella strains involved (Huss et al ., 1989; Nishihara et al ., 1998; Hoshina et al ., 2004; 2005). Different Chlorella species have been found to have distinct suitabilities for the establishment of stable symbioses in P. bursaria (Hirshon, 1969; Weis, 1978) and infection rates have been shown to be affected by specificity of host and potential symbiont, such as recognition of surface antigens, or by physiological conditions of the partners involved (Karakashian and Karakashian, 1973; Weis, 1979; Nishihara et al ., 1998).…”

Flow cytometry as a strategy to study the endosymbiosis of algae inParamecium bursaria

“…Moreover, they produce more oxygen at low light fluence rates than do free‐living algae. The ability of algae to release sugar and the algal cell surface organization are the only criteria known to date by which P. bursaria selects its symbiotic partner (1, 15, 16). We demonstrate that by two‐parametric analysis of mean channel numbers of the optical signals (FSC versus chlorophyll fluorescence and SSC versus chlorophyll fluorescence) from algae of different strains with different infectivity for P. bursaria (KSKw‐103) an algal symbiotic capability is likely to be reliably assessed by the additional two criteria such as cell size/volume and chlorophyll content.…”

Correlation of Photosynthetic Products of Symbiotic Chlorella with the Mating Reactivity Rhythms in a Mutant Strain of Paramecium bursaria

“…It has been reported that symbiotic Chlorella cells provide their photosynthetic products, maltose, to the host cells as living energy (Weis, 1979(Weis, , 1980. We analyzed the sugar components in the cytosol of Ok2 and Ok2w cells by HPLC, and we found maltose and maltose-type sugars in Ok2 day cells.…”