Correlation between spheno-occipital synchondrosis, dental age, chronological age and cervical vertebrae maturation in Turkish population: is there a link?

Kocasaraç, Hüsniye Demirtürk; Altan, Ayşe Burcu; Yerlikaya, Canan; Sinanoğlu, Alper; Noujeim, Marcel

doi:10.1080/00016357.2016.1255352

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the growth literature has shown a strong correlation between the peak height velocity and peak of facial growth [ 39 , 40 ]. In a recent study published by Demirturk Kocasarac et al [ 41 ], they found good correlation between cervical vertebra maturation that occurs during adolescence age and SOS fusion. All these together suggest SOS closure onset may precede the menarche and might occur at the same time as highest rate of facial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and rate of spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure and its relationship to puberty

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesThis study examines the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) closure and puberty onset in a modern American population. It also investigates the timing and the rate of SOS closure in males and females.Materials and methodsThe sample includes cross-sectional and longitudinal 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 741 individuals (361 males and 380 females) aged 6–20 years. Each CBCT scan is visualized in the mid-sagittal plane, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is scored as completely open, partially fused, mostly fused, and completely fused. The Menarche commencement is used as an indicator of puberty onset in females.ResultsMean ages of open, partially-fused, mostly-fused, and completely fused SOS were 11.07, 12.95, 14.44, and 16.41 years in males, and 9.75, 11.67, 13.25, and 15.25 in females, respectively. The results show there is a significant association between the SOS closure stage and the commencement of menarche (Fisher's Exact Test p < 0.001). It was found that females had a higher SOS closure rate (38.60%) per year than males at the age of 10 years. The closure rate in males appears slower than females at age 10, but it lasts a longer time, ranging between 22 and 26% per year from age 11 to 14 years.ConclusionThere is a significant relationship between puberty onset and SOS closure, suggesting its closure is at least partially affected by systemic, hormonal changes in the growing adolescent. Also, SOS closure occurs at a faster rate and at an earlier age in females compared to males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and rate of spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure and its relationship to puberty

et al. 2017

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“…The studies indicate that, in males, complete fusion of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis can occur from 11 years (Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016; Kahana et al, 2003) and from 8 years in females (Powell & Brodie, 1963), with the possibility of fusion even by 6 years (Messineo & Mangiulli, 2018). They also indicate that, in males, incompletely closed synchondroses can still be seen at 26 years and over (Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2017; Kahana et al, 2003) and in females to at least 24 years and over (Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016; Sinanoglu et al, 2016). Open synchondroses in the early twenties are well attested for both males (Akhlaghi et al, 2008, 2010; Coqueugniot & Weaver, 2007; Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016, 2017; Ekizoglu et al, 2016; El‐Barrany et al, 2015; Kahana et al, 2003; Shirley & Jantz, 2011; Sinanoglu et al, 2016) and females (Coqueugniot & Weaver, 2007; Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016, 2017; Ekizoglu et al, 2016; El‐Barrany et al, 2015; Sinanoglu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…They also indicate that, in males, incompletely closed synchondroses can still be seen at 26 years and over (Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2017; Kahana et al, 2003) and in females to at least 24 years and over (Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016; Sinanoglu et al, 2016). Open synchondroses in the early twenties are well attested for both males (Akhlaghi et al, 2008, 2010; Coqueugniot & Weaver, 2007; Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016, 2017; Ekizoglu et al, 2016; El‐Barrany et al, 2015; Kahana et al, 2003; Shirley & Jantz, 2011; Sinanoglu et al, 2016) and females (Coqueugniot & Weaver, 2007; Demirturk Kocasarac et al, 2016, 2017; Ekizoglu et al, 2016; El‐Barrany et al, 2015; Sinanoglu et al, 2016). The possible ranges of age of closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis for males and females are thus both very large.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Complete fusion, some with fusion scars, was noted from 11 years in males and from 14 years in females. Incompletely closed synchondroses were still being noted at age 25 years in males and 24 years in females. A further similar study by Demirturk Kocasarac et al (2017), again in a Turkish population and incorporating assessment of ossification of cervical vertebrae, examined the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis using mid‐sagittal cone beam CT scans in 43 males and 73 females aged 8–28 years. Complete fusion, some with fusion scars, was noted from 14 years in males and from 13 years in females.…”

Section: Research Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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When does the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis close?

McDonald

Miller

2022

Clinical Anatomy

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In forensic work, the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis helps identify the deceased as a child or young adult. In the past, it was generally held that the synchondrosis closed between the late teens and 25 years, but recent studies have suggested closure in adolescence. There are also suggestions that the age at closure recorded might be influenced by ancestry and the technique used to study the joint. This comprehensive review of the literature of the past 60 years concludes that the age of closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis is very variable, from childhood to the mid‐twenties, with no obvious association with the geographical location of the study population. We note that some studies on bony specimens indicated later closure than others using clinical images and draw attention to a possible misinterpretation of the so‐called “fusion scar” which might explain this incongruity. Despite an increasing acceptance that the synchondrosis usually closes in adolescence, we are concerned that insufficient heed is being paid to reports of closure in childhood and in the early to mid‐twenties. We conclude that, for forensic purposes, it is unwise to declare that the synchondrosis closes in adolescence. It would be safer to state that a closed synchondrosis indicates a person 6 years or over and that an open synchondrosis may be seen up to the mid‐twenties. Clearly, for younger individuals, the dentition and, for all individuals in this age range, documentation of unfused postcranial epiphyses would be important in attempting to narrow this very broad estimation of age.

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“…This important growth center is comprised of hyaline cartilage, which will be ossified during puberty, and is abundantly found at the base of the skull during growth. Knowing the chronological age of SOS ossification might result in various decisions in forensic, anthropological and medical practices (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

Jahanbin¹,

Shirazi²,

Kamyabnezhad³

et al. 2021

Iran J Ortho

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Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

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Correlation between spheno-occipital synchondrosis, dental age, chronological age and cervical vertebrae maturation in Turkish population: is there a link?

Abstract: Good correlation was found between the degrees of TMM, fusion of SOS and CVM in young Turkish population.

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Timing and rate of spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure and its relationship to puberty

Timing and rate of spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure and its relationship to puberty

When does the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis close?

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

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