Abstract:ObjectivesThis study examines the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) closure and puberty onset in a modern American population. It also investigates the timing and the rate of SOS closure in males and females.Materials and methodsThe sample includes cross-sectional and longitudinal 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 741 individuals (361 males and 380 females) aged 6–20 years. Each CBCT scan is visualized in the mid-sagittal plane, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS… Show more
“…Its relationship to puberty has been described in a recent study and proposed on computed tomography. Stages 0 and 1 were considered pre-pubertal and stages 2 and 3 post-pubertal (11).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Staging system for pubertal status based on sphenooccipital synchondrosis closure on imaging (adapted from Alhazmi et al(11)). …”
Background Bone marrow composition varies with stage of development. Purpose To assess differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from clivus bone marrow in healthy children by age, pubertal status, and gender as a benchmark when monitoring local and systemic treatment-induced effects. Material and Methods Non-oncological pediatric patients (30 pre-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys] and 30 post-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys]) with previous normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI; 1.5-T Philips Achieva-Ingenia, b-values 0 and 1000s/mm2) were studied. A 4–6 mm diameter region of interest (ROI), drawn within the clivus on two or three DW-MRI slices, yielded mean and centile ADC values. Pubertal status was recognized from imaging appearances of the pituitary gland and from fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Correlations between ADC and age were assessed (Pearson’s coefficient). Mann–Whitney U tests compared ADC by age, pubertal status, and gender. Results Age and ADC were significantly negatively correlated (median ADC r=–0.48, mean ADC r=–0.42, P=0.0001 and 0.0008, respectively) which held true when divided by gender. Mean and median ADC differed significantly before and after puberty for the whole population ( P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a left shift of the ADC histogram after puberty with significant differences in centile values. ADC differences before and after puberty remained when divided by gender (girls: P=0.04 and 0.009, respectively; boys: P=0.005 and 0.0002, respectively). Conclusion ADC of clivus bone marrow correlates with age in children. ADC decreases significantly after puberty, likely due to replacement of hypercellular marrow with fat. There are no gender-related differences in clivus bone-marrow ADC before or after puberty.
“…Its relationship to puberty has been described in a recent study and proposed on computed tomography. Stages 0 and 1 were considered pre-pubertal and stages 2 and 3 post-pubertal (11).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Staging system for pubertal status based on sphenooccipital synchondrosis closure on imaging (adapted from Alhazmi et al(11)). …”
Background Bone marrow composition varies with stage of development. Purpose To assess differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from clivus bone marrow in healthy children by age, pubertal status, and gender as a benchmark when monitoring local and systemic treatment-induced effects. Material and Methods Non-oncological pediatric patients (30 pre-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys] and 30 post-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys]) with previous normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI; 1.5-T Philips Achieva-Ingenia, b-values 0 and 1000s/mm2) were studied. A 4–6 mm diameter region of interest (ROI), drawn within the clivus on two or three DW-MRI slices, yielded mean and centile ADC values. Pubertal status was recognized from imaging appearances of the pituitary gland and from fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Correlations between ADC and age were assessed (Pearson’s coefficient). Mann–Whitney U tests compared ADC by age, pubertal status, and gender. Results Age and ADC were significantly negatively correlated (median ADC r=–0.48, mean ADC r=–0.42, P=0.0001 and 0.0008, respectively) which held true when divided by gender. Mean and median ADC differed significantly before and after puberty for the whole population ( P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a left shift of the ADC histogram after puberty with significant differences in centile values. ADC differences before and after puberty remained when divided by gender (girls: P=0.04 and 0.009, respectively; boys: P=0.005 and 0.0002, respectively). Conclusion ADC of clivus bone marrow correlates with age in children. ADC decreases significantly after puberty, likely due to replacement of hypercellular marrow with fat. There are no gender-related differences in clivus bone-marrow ADC before or after puberty.
“…shown that SOS maintains a cartilaginous separation of both bones for up to about 18 years (5,8). Radiological and morphological examinations, however, showed that bony bridges between the two bones appear earlier (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It is assumed that bony bridging results in loss or limited elasticity of the growth plate so that the bone growth on this joint ceases with the first bridging (15).…”
Section: Development and Fusion Of Sos Morphological Studies Havementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sphenoocipital synchondrosis (SOS) forms the cartilaginous connection between the sphenoid and the basi-occipital bone (1)(2)(3). This synchondrosis is considered an important growth zone of the skull base and usually ossifies towards the end of the second decade of life (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Residues of SOS can be demonstrated on radiological sectional images of complete ossified bones in young adults, but also in later phases of life, even in old age (12).…”
Background/Aim: Down syndrome (DS) patients often show characteristic changes in the skull, e.g. short cranial base. The synchondroses of the skull base have a significant influence on the shape of the skull. The sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS) is the last of the basal synchondroses to ossify. This report is about residual ossification of SOS in an elderly patient with DS. Case Report: The 65-year-old DS patient was polytraumatized by a fall. In the course of treatment, a purulent otitis externa on the right side was diagnosed, which had developed as a result of the fracture of the fossa glenoidalis. Computed tomograms of the skull base showed the fracture of the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa and vestiges of SOS. Conclusion: The coincidental finding of vestiges of SOS in an elderly patient with DS raises the question of whether cross-sectional skull base images can show differences in the ossification of SOS between DS patients and a normal population.
“…In combination, these features indicate a developmental age of around 15–18 years (Al Qahtani et al 2014; Alhazmi et al . 2017). Figure 3.Occlusal view of the maxilla, showing the erupted left first molar; the third molars are visible in their crypts (photograph by G. Cole).…”
Section: Osteological Assessment: Age At Death Biological Sex and Evmentioning
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