Correlation Between Macular Microstructures and Aniseikonia After Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Removal

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between preoperative measurements of macular microstructures and aniseikonia after epiretinal membrane removal. Methods: This retrospective study included 32 eyes of 32 patients who underwent epiretinal membrane surgery and were followed up for 12 months. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thicknesses of the ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer retinal layer in macular microstructures. The new aniseikonia test was used to measure vertical and horizontal aniseikonia scores. Results: There was a significant decrease in central macular thickness and ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer thickness at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (all P < 0.001). Vertical aniseikonia scores, horizontal aniseikonia scores, and INL and outer retinal layer thicknesses did not show significant changes. Vertical aniseikonia scores and horizontal aniseikonia scores were significantly associated with INL thicknesses of each meridian at each follow-up time point (all P < 0.05). Preoperative vertical and horizontal INL thicknesses were correlated with vertical aniseikonia scores and horizontal aniseikonia scores at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.014 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Aniseikonia values did not change after epiretinal membrane removal and were associated with INL thickness before and after surgery. Thus, preoperative INL thickness could be used as a predictor of surgical prognosis in epiretinal membrane patients.

Monocular and binocular end‐points after epiretinal membrane surgery and their correlation to patient‐reported outcomes

“…Our study population was comparable to those in previous studies with regard to CMT, aniseikonia and stereoacuity (Asaria et al 2008; Han et al 2016; Kinoshita et al 2016; Moon et al 2020), but the current study included more patients with postoperative M‐chart scores >0.5 than previous studies (Okamoto et al 2009; Kinoshita et al 2012; Kinohsita et al 2015). None of the patients in this study had a total mean M‐chart score of 0, whereas previous studies have reported 27% (Kinohsita et al 2015) and 25% (Okamoto et al 2009) with no measurable M‐chart score.…”

“…Current reported results regarding improvement of aniseikonia after ERM surgery are equivocal (Okamoto et al 2017a;Okamoto et al 2017b;Ichikawa, Imamura & Ishida 2018;Takabatake et al 2018;Moon et al, 2020) and show no consistent improvement. In our study we found no correlation between aniseikonia and PROs.…”

“…In the current study, no correlation between aniseikonia and metamorphopsia was found, as also reported by Takabatake et al (2018) with a follow‐up of 12 months. Retinal changes continues after 3 months (Matsuoka et al 2012; Kinoshita et al 2016; Takabatake et al 2018), and metamorphopsia has been found to improve after surgery without improvements in aniseikonia (Enoch et al 1995; Okamoto et al 2017a; Okamoto et al 2017b; Moon et al, 2020), which could explain the different results. Also metamorphopsia and aniseikonia are believed to have different pathogenesis, in which metamorphopsia is thought to arise due to a change in the inner retinal layer, whereas aniseikonia is believed to be caused by a change in the distribution of photoreceptors (Benegas 1999; Kinoshita et al 2016; Takabatake et al 2018; Tanikawa, Shimada & Horiguchi 2018).…”

Influence of postoperative ectopic inner foveal layer on visual function after removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane

“…The decrease in aniseikonia was only significant in eyes with EIFL stage 2, while those with stages 3 and 4 showed no change. Although aniseikonia caused by ERM is reported to show little or no change after surgery [ 20 , 21 ], the results of this study suggest that aniseikonia in eyes with early-stage ERM may improve after surgery. This is in line with a prospective study by Han et al which found that greater improvement in aniseikonia was achieved in patients with better preoperative visual acuity [ 22 ].…”

Evaluation of aniseikonia with an auto-stereoscopic smartphone

“…Retinal-induced aniseikonia is caused by the stretching or compression of the retina, which leads to the distribution density of photoreceptors changing (7). Retinal-induced aniseikonia has been reported in various pathologies, including epiretinal membrane (ERM) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), retinal detachment (RD) (13)(14)(15), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (16), macular edema (ME) (17), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) (18), macular hole (MH) (2,19), cystoid ME with retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema (DME) (2). The change of distribution of photoreceptors may induce aniseikonia.…”