Abstract:Background The number of diphtheria cases recently increased, such that an outbreak was declared in East Java Province, which includes the Sampang District. Immunization completion status is a determining factor for diptheria infection.
Objective To investigate for correlations between immunization status and outcomes (severity level, fatality, and complications) of diphtheria patients in the Sampang District.
Methods This analytic, cross-sectional study used secondary data from the East Java Provi… Show more
“…5,8 In this study, diphtheria occurred mostly in early childhood years (9 years and below) due to inadequate immune system performance. School-age children have increased frequency of contact with the disease-causing pathogen.. 9 In our study, male predominance was found in 20 cases (58.8%), a similar result to a study conducted at Gujarat in 2013 which also found male predominance (63%). 4 In this study, all cases were presented with pseudomembrane that were found most in pharynx (23 cases, 67.6%) and tonsil (21 cases, 61.8%).…”
This is a report about children diphtheria cases’ profile in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from 2006 to 2017. Occurrence was the highest in ≥5-years-old age group (67.7%) with male predominance (58.8%). Thirty five point three percent cases had no immunization history and 38.2% cases had incomplete booster history. Pseudomembrane occurred in all cases, mostly found in pharynx (67.6%) and tonsil (61.8%).
“…5,8 In this study, diphtheria occurred mostly in early childhood years (9 years and below) due to inadequate immune system performance. School-age children have increased frequency of contact with the disease-causing pathogen.. 9 In our study, male predominance was found in 20 cases (58.8%), a similar result to a study conducted at Gujarat in 2013 which also found male predominance (63%). 4 In this study, all cases were presented with pseudomembrane that were found most in pharynx (23 cases, 67.6%) and tonsil (21 cases, 61.8%).…”
This is a report about children diphtheria cases’ profile in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from 2006 to 2017. Occurrence was the highest in ≥5-years-old age group (67.7%) with male predominance (58.8%). Thirty five point three percent cases had no immunization history and 38.2% cases had incomplete booster history. Pseudomembrane occurred in all cases, mostly found in pharynx (67.6%) and tonsil (61.8%).
“…The results of this study complement the findings of Dhinata et al . 19 , which found no correlation between patient immunization status and severity, or fatality of diphtheria in the Sampang District of Indonesia.…”
Background: Diphtheria remains a health problem, especially in developing countries. In November 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that there was a diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that experienced this disease outbreak. This study analyzes the risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 37 respondents. Research variables consist of immunization status against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), nutritional status, children mobility, source of transmission, physical home environment (natural lighting, ventilation area, occupancy density, wall and floor type), knowledge of diphtheria and attitudes towards the diphtheria prevention program.
Results: We found that the most of the children who had diphtheria had been immunized against DPT. Additionally the nutritional status of children (p=0.049), mobility (p=0.000) and the source of transmission (p=0.020) were significantly associated with diphtheria.
Conclusions: Child/parent mobility (OR=8.456) is the main risk factor for diphtheria outbreak. It is recommended to limit the mobility of children to travel to areas that are experiencing increased cases of diphtheria, improve the nutritional status, and further research on the effectiveness of diphtheria vaccine.
“…6 Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, komplikasi difteri terjadi pada 26 dari 71 penderita difteri atau 36,6%. 7 Komplikasi penyakit difteri pada pasien dengan bull neck, gangguan pada jantung, saluran pernapasan, ginjal, ataupun saraf berisiko menyebabkan kematian. 8 Di Indonesia, terdapat 24 kasus pasien difteri meninggal pada tahun 2016 (CFR difteri 5,8%), 13 kejadian di antaranya ada di Jawa Barat (CFR difteri 9,78%).…”
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“…Namun, pada penelitian tersebut ditemukan bahwa pasien difteri dengan status imunisasi lengkap mengalami difteri yang ringan dan tingkat fatalitas lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan status imunisasi tidak lengkap atau tidak imunisasi, walaupun hasil tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik. 7 Penelitian ini memiliki asosiasi dengan penelitian pada pasien difteri dewasa oleh Pantukosit dkk 16 di Buri Ram, Thailand. Pantukosit dkk melaporkan bahwa imunisasi tidak lengkap akan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi pada pasien difteri, insiden komplikasi merupakan indikator dalam penggolongan difteri berat.…”
Latar belakang. Jawa Barat menjadi provinsi kedua dengan insiden difteri terbanyak di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 dan 2018. Infeksi difteri berat ditandai oleh bull neck dan komplikasi seperti miokarditis, neuritis, dan obstruksi saluran napas atas (OSNA). Status imunisasi merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi infeksi difteri. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian difteri berat.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah data rekam medis pasien difteri anak rawat inap RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2015 – Juli 2019 dengan metode total sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah rekam medis yang terdapat data mengenai jenis kelamin, usia, status imunisasi, manifestasi klinis, durasi, serta keluaran. Hubungan status imunisasi dengan kejadian difteri berat dianalisis menggunakan uji eksak Fisher.Hasil. 42 pasien terdiri dari 29 (69 %) laki-laki dan 13 (31 %) perempuan, usia terbanyak 5-9 tahun. Terdapat 20 (47,6%) pasien dengan bull neck, 13 (31,0%) pasien OSNA, 1 (2,4%) pasien neuritis. Satu orang meninggal, yaitu pasien difteri berat dengan OSNA dan sepsis. Hasil analisis uji eksak Fisher diperoleh hubungan antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian difteri berat dengan nilai p=0,036. Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian difteri berat.
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