Corneal sensitivity in five horse breeds

Andrade, Eunice Santos de; Vieira, João Victor Romano; Júnior, Deusdete Conceição Gomes; Raposo, Ana; Galera, Paula Diniz; Oriá, Arianne Pontes

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20160995

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The topical use of local anesthetics provides adequate corneal anesthesia in a variety of species 6,7,10,22 . To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating onset and maximal corneal anesthesia following topical ophthalmic use of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% in healthy equine eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The topical use of local anesthetics provides adequate corneal anesthesia in a variety of species. 6,7,10,22 To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating onset and maximal corneal anesthesia following topical ophthalmic use of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% in healthy equine eyes. Our findings suggest that ropivacaine 0.5% effectively reduces corneal sensitivity and reinforces previous findings that lidocaine 2% aqueous provides adequate corneal anesthesia in healthy adult horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3,4 There are conflicting reports of proparacaine's ability to induce complete corneal anesthesia in healthy horses, 3,5 and one study found that breed significantly affected corneal sensitivity in horses. 6 According to Stiles et al, the anesthetic effect of proparacaine significantly decreases after 2 weeks when stored at room temperature. 7 Although most mobile veterinary practitioners have a refrigerator in their vehicle, the added benefit of using a non-ophthalmic local anesthetic topically could help reduce costs and decrease space used in the refrigerator that could be utilized for transporting biologic samples, vaccines, or other medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proparacaine provides a rapid onset of action of approximately 5 min and lasts 25 min; however, it incompletely anesthetizes the equine cornea as assessed by Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometry 3,4 . There are conflicting reports of proparacaine's ability to induce complete corneal anesthesia in healthy horses, 3,5 and one study found that breed significantly affected corneal sensitivity in horses 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short‐term negative side effects in horses

Minaldi,

Fidler,

Betbeze

et al. 2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo evaluate corneal sensitivity and acute side effects following application of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% on the healthy equine cornea.Animals StudiedEight healthy adult horses.ProcedureA randomized, masked, crossover study design was utilized. Baseline Semiquantitative Preclinical Ocular Toxicology (SPOT) scores and corneal touch thresholds (CTT) using a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer were recorded and measured, respectively, for eight healthy adult horses before medication application. Commercially available eyewash was used as a negative control. Ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% or lidocaine hydrochloride 2% solution was sprayed on a randomly selected eye, and the contralateral eye received eyewash. CTT was measured in both eyes at 1, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75 min post‐application. Post‐application SPOT scores were recorded immediately following the trial. Linear mixed model statistical analyses (mean ± standard error) were performed (p < .05).ResultsMean eyewash CTT (3.41 cm ± 0.464) was significantly different from ropivacaine‐treated (1.44 cm ± 0.562) (p = .008) and lidocaine‐treated eyes (1.75 cm ± 0.562) (p = .024); CTT was not significantly different between drug groups (p = .88). Time to maximum anesthesia was not significantly different between ropivacaine (13.25 min ± 3.353) and lidocaine (16.25 min ± 3.353) (p = .40). No side effects were appreciated as confirmed by SPOT.ConclusionsRopivacaine and lidocaine similarly decreased corneal sensitivity when applied topically without clinically evident short‐term ocular side effects. Lidocaine may be preferable in clinical settings due to its large, multi‐use vials and similar effects to ropivacaine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short‐term negative side effects in horses

Minaldi,

Fidler,

Betbeze

et al. 2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In humans, some studies have noted sex differences in corneal sensitivity in some regions of the cornea; however, studies in horses have shown no difference in corneal sensitivity between genders. 3,27,43,44 Second, CTT can be affected by several factors. CTT measurements are subjective and may vary between individual observers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subconjunctival ropivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine, and mepivacaine on corneal sensitivity in healthy horses

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo evaluate corneal sensitivity and adverse events following subconjunctival administration of three local anesthetics in horses.Study designRandomized, masked, crossover study.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult mares.MethodsThe subconjunctival space of the treated eye was injected with 0.2 mL of liposomal bupivacaine (1.3%), ropivacaine (0.5%), or mepivacaine (2%). All horses received each medication once and the contralateral eye received saline (control). Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured using a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer before sedation, after sedation, and at specified intervals until it returned to baseline. Ocular examinations were performed at 24‐, 72, and 168 h post‐injection to monitor for adverse effects.ResultsThe mean total time of anesthesia (TTA) was 168.3 min for ropivacaine, 169.2 min for liposomal bupivacaine, 103.3 min for mepivacaine and 30.7 min for the control. TTA for liposomal bupivacaine (p < .001) and ropivacaine (p = .001) was longer than the control. TTA for mepivacaine was not different from the control (p = .138), liposomal bupivacaine (p = .075) or ropivacaine (p = .150). Injection site hemorrhage reduced TTA regardless of treatments (p = .047). No adverse effects attributed to injections were noted.ConclusionAll three medications were well tolerated. Subconjunctival administration of ropivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine resulted in longer TTAs compared to the control; however, their TTAs were not different from that of mepivacaine.Clinical significanceSubconjunctivally administered liposomal bupivacaine and ropivacaine are viable options to provide prolonged corneal analgesia in horses. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy in diseased eyes.

show abstract

Corneal sensitivity in five horse breeds

Abstract: This study aimed to determine and compare corneal sensitivity values in different regions

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short‐term negative side effects in horses

Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short‐term negative side effects in horses

Effects of subconjunctival ropivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine, and mepivacaine on corneal sensitivity in healthy horses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About