Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms

Gaetke, Lisa M.; Chow-Johnson, Hannah S.; Chow, Ching K.

doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1355-y

Cited by 580 publications

(382 citation statements)

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“…In the case of Hg, accumulation and excretion in the liver is very important, although the deposition of this metal is greater in feathers [5]. Copper is stored in hepatocytes for the synthesis of copper-dependent enzymes, so higher concentrations in this organ are expected [11,12]. Although Cd concentrations are generally higher in the kidneys, liver also significantly accumulates this metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Free-Living Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Silva

Filho

Kunst

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: With the continuously increasing release of heavy metals in the environment, mostly from anthropogenic sources, there is a need to find ways of evaluating and managing the issuance of these contaminants and correct its damages. The birds being at the top of some food chains reflect the presence of metals in the environment, keeping this in perspective, raptors have been successfully used for heavy metals biomonitoring studies in the past. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in the feathers and livers of free-living southern caracaras, live and dead, from Recife, Pernambuco state, Northeast of Brazil. Material, Methods & Results: Sixty-two feathers from live and dead southern caracaras and 21 livers from dead southern caracaras were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry for Hg and by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu. Concentrations of Cr and Cu elements were detected in all feather and liver samples analyzed from live and dead caracaras. There was no difference in the concentration of metals between feathers of dead and live caracaras: Pb (P = 0.3576), Cd (P = 0.0792), Cr (P = 0.5475), and Cu (P = 0.3603), but significant variation was observed for Hg (P = 0.0459). The highest concentrations of Pb (P < 0.0001) and Cr (P < 0.0001) were found in the feathers than in the liver. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of Cu were found in liver samples (P = 0.0011). No significant variation in the concentrations of Cd (P = 0.7770) and Hg (P = 0.3669) was found between feathers and liver samples. Discussion: Chromium, as well as Hg, and Cu have a high affinity for keratin, which may explain the higher concentrations of Cr in caracaras feathers in this research. Lead was detected in all liver samples analyzed. Elevated levels were also found in the feathers of dead (95.2%) and live (75.6%) caracaras. The presence of Pb may be due to external contamination by pollutants, such as fossil fuels. Higher concentrations of Hg were observed in dead caracaras feathers, this concentrations change during molting but are not affected by external contamination. Metals, such as Hg, and Cd, accumulate in organisms from different trophic levels, which may indicate that this contamination comes mainly from feed. Pearson's coefficient here showed no correlation between metals from dead caracaras feathers and livers, although a few previous studies have shown a correlation between metal concentrations from tissues and feathers. This pattern can be attributed to the different time of exposure of feathers to metals in relation to livers. The concentrations of metals in hepatic tissues reflect the levels of elements in the diet of these birds, characterizing acutely the contamination of the ecosystem. On the other hand, feathers represent the exposure in the time of molting, when the artery supplies metals, thus representing a chronic exposure. In feathers from live birds, the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Free-Living Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Silva

Filho

Kunst

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…In humans, copper is the most tightly controlled micronutrient (Gaetke et al., 2014) through absorption/excretion, although intestinal regulation is poorly understood (Uriu‐Adams & Keen, 2005). Daily intake ranges from 1 to 2 mg with upper allowable levels of 10 mg per day have been recommended (European Medicines Agency (EMEA), 2007) for individuals with normal copper homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper cellular toxicity is mostly related to the capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (Gaetke, Chow‐Johnson, & Chow, 2014). For this reason, cellular copper levels are strictly maintained (Nevitt et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute exposure to organic and inorganic sources of copper: Differential response in intestinal cell lines

Keenan

O’Sullivan

Henry

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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ScopeCopper supplementation in nutrition has evolved from using inorganic mineral salts to organically chelated minerals but with limited knowledge of the impact at the cellular level.MethodsHere, the impact of inorganic and organic nutrient forms (glycinate, organic acid, and proteinate) of copper on the cellular level is investigated on intestinal cell lines, HT29 and Caco‐2, after a 2‐hr acute exposure to copper compounds and following a 10‐hr recovery.ResultsFollowing the 10‐hr recovery, increases were observed in proteins involved in metal binding (metallothioneins) and antioxidant response (sulfiredoxin 1 and heme oxygenase 1), and global proteomic analysis suggested recruitment of the unfolded protein response and proteosomal overloading. Copper organic acid chelate, the only treatment to show striking and sustained reactive oxygen species generation, had the greatest impact on ubiquitinated proteins, reduced autophagy, and increased aggresome formation, reducing growth in both cell lines. The least effect was noted in copper proteinate with negligible impact on aggresome formation or extended growth for either cell line.ConclusionThe type and source of copper can impact significantly at the cellular level.

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“…Sources of environmental exposure to Cu include water pipes, cookware, contraceptive pills, vitamin and minerals supplements and fungicides with Cu is added for swimming pools. Plumbers, welders and machinists occupationally expose to Cu and are at risk of Cu toxicity (2). High levels of Cu exposure were reported among individuals working in copper-smelting areas and copper mines (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and hepatic alterations among copper mine workers and office employees in a copper mine in the west of Iran, 2015

Lotfi

Rezazadeh

Ebrahimpour

2018

JOHE

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Article InfoBackground: Workers in different occupational positions experience significant Cu exposures, however, Cu toxicity has not been fully studied as compared to other heavy metals. In the present study, hematological and hepatic alterations have been investigated among copper mine workers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a copper mine in west of Iran, on 402 copper mine workers (study group) and 52 office employees (control group) during winter 2015. 5ml blood samples were provided from each subject and hematological and hepatic parameters including white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH), lymphocytes, neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum Cu levels have been determined using their commercial kits. The results were analyzed in the SPSS software using t-test and regression method. Results: ALT, AST, HGB, MCV, MCH and plasma Cu levels among the workers were significantly higher than the office employees (p<0.050). WBC and RBC counts among the workers were significantly lower than the control group (p= 0.049 and 0.024, respectively). Serum Cu levels of 215 of the workers were higher than its normal recommended range (120 µg/dl). For the subjects with serum Cu levels above 150 µg/dl, increases in AST and ALT were in compliance with serum Cu levels increase. Conclusions: Significant hepatic and hematological alteration were observed among copper miners compared to control group. Employment of workers with background hematological and hepatic disorders in copper industries must be accompanied with great caution.

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Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms

Cited by 580 publications

References 91 publications

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Free-Living Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Free-Living Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Acute exposure to organic and inorganic sources of copper: Differential response in intestinal cell lines

Hematological and hepatic alterations among copper mine workers and office employees in a copper mine in the west of Iran, 2015

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