Copaifera duckei oleoresin as a novel alternative for treatment of monogenean infections in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

Abstract

Monogeneans are major parasites of fish and cause large economic losses in aquaculture. Treatment for this parasitic infection is done with products that are mostly toxic to fish and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) of Melaleuca alternifolia and Mentha piperita and the oleoresin (OR) of Copaifera duckei were tested for their in vitro anthelmintic activity against the monogenean parasites (Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum) of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Naturally infected gills were bathed with the herbal solutions (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/L) and monitored every 15 min for 4 h. Because of its greater efficacy in vitro (p b 0.05) compared to the other herbal medicines, C. duckei OR was selected for in vivo testing. The in vivo treatment consisted of 10 and 50 mg/L baths of C. duckei OR for 10 min. Parasitological, hematological, and histological analyses were conducted post-bath and seven days after treatment. Parasite loads decreased by approximately 45% in fish treated with 50 mg/L of C. duckei OR. No hematological changes caused by treatment with C. duckei OR at 10 and 50 mg/L were observed. Histology revealed branchial and hepatic alterations in fish from all groups, whereas spleen and kidney tissues were not affected. Histopathological alterations observed in all fish were due to parasitism or nutritional/farming conditions. Hematological and histological results showed that short baths were safe for fish. Based on the strong anthelmintic activity observed, C. duckei OR offers a promising alternative treatment against monogenean parasites.

Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia

“…Peppermint, Mentha piperita L., is known to have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal tissue, immunomodulating actions and chemopreventive potential (McKay & Blumberg, ). Recently, some authors have shown that peppermint EO has antiparasitic effect against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Valladão et al., ) and monogeneans (Costa et al., ; Hashimoto et al., ; Malheiros, Maciel, Videira & Tavares‐Dias, ), and when used in water did not cause negative effects on fish haematology (Hashimoto et al., ). The enhancement of haematological and immune parameters was observed in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (Adel, Pourgholam, Zorriehzahra & Ghiasi, ), and Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii) (Adel, Amiri, Zorriehzahra, Nematolahi & Esteban, ), fed with ethanolic extract of peppermint, and in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), fed with a powder of peppermint leaves (Talpur, ).…”

Effects of a nanoemulsion with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin against monogenean parasites of Colossoma macropomum: A Neotropical Serrasalmidae

“…The treatment used in the present study, with nanoemulsions prepared from C. officinalis oleoresin at 200 and 300 mg/L, showed 100% efficacy against monogeneans on the gills of C. macropomum after 15 min of exposure. Similarly, 100 mg/L of C. duckei oleoresin had 100% efficacy against Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Costa et al., ). After monogeneans on the gills of C. macropomum has been exposed to nanoemulsion of Pterodon emarginatus essential oil at 400 e 600 mg/L for 15 min, the anthelmintic activity rate reached 100% (Valentim et al., ).…”

“…As the main products used for treatment and control of these parasites are chemotherapeutic substances that are highly toxic to fish (Boijink et al, 2015;Soares et al, 2016), there is a need for less toxic and novel bioactive compounds (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014). Phytotherapy is an alternative treatment that has shown promising antiparasitic effects against monogeneans of fish (Costa et al, 2017;Hashimoto et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014), as well as the use of nanoemulsions containing essential oils .…”

“…The main substances that have been used for treatment and parasite control, even they have not been satisfactorily effective, are chemical products that are highly toxic to fish, humans and environment (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2016). Thus, phytotherapeutic agents with bioactive properties, and their derivatives, have been assayed in vitro and in vivo, with the aim of finding better strategies for fish ectoparasites control in farmed fish (Boijink, Miranda, Chagas, Dairiki, & Inoue, 2015;Costa et al, 2017;Pandey, 2014;Soares et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014). Phytotherapeutic agents have shown high in vitro efficacy against monogeneans of tambaqui (Boijink et al, 2015;Soares et al, 2016).…”

“…Copaifera spp. are Amazon plants known for their antibacterial, anthelmintic and antiprotozoal properties (Costa et al, 2017;Rodrigues et al, 2014;Simões et al, 2016). It is a mixture of several substances, among which the sesquiterpene b-caryophyllene is the main constituent (Lima et al, 2011;Veiga-Junior, Zunino, Patitucci, Pinto, & Calixto, 2006).…”