Effects of a nanoemulsion with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin against monogenean parasites of Colossoma macropomum: A Neotropical Serrasalmidae

Abstract

Monogeneans are ectoparasites that may cause losses in production and productivity in the aquaculture of Colossoma macropomum. Chemotherapeutics used in aquaculture usually have major adverse effects on fish; hence, the use of essential oils has been considered advantageous, but these are not soluble in water. Thus, the use of nanostructures to enhance water solubility of compounds and improve bioactivity may be very promising. This study investigated the antiparasitic activity of nanoemulsion prepared with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin (50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg/L), against monogenean parasites from the gills of C. macropomum. The particle size distribution and zeta potential suggested that a potentially kinetic stable system was generated. The nanoemulsion from C. officinalis oleoresin achieved high efficacy (100%) at low concentrations (200 and 300 mg/L) after 15 min of exposure. This was the first time that a nanoemulsion was generated from C. officinalis oleoresin using a solvent-free, non-heating and low-energy method. Moreover, this was the first time that an antiparasitic against monogeneans on fish gills, based on nanoemulsion of C. officinalis oleoresin, was tested.

Nanoemulsions with oleoresin of Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae) improve anthelmintic efficacy in the control of monogenean parasites when compared to oleoresin without nanoformulation

“…Nanotechnology is an emerging technology with applications in industrial aquaculture, having the potential to enhance production and ultimately contribute to global food security (Luis, Campos, Oliveira, & Fraceto, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b). Nanobiotechnology is among the recent advancements of nanotechnology and is used specifically in the treatment of diseases in aquaculture (Luis et al, 2019; Pimentel‐Acosta et al, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019).…”

“…Chemical products are widely used to control diseases in aquaculture due to their efficacy, but can be toxic to other organisms and humans and can accumulate in the environment (Shah & Mraz, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b). As such, the management of parasites and diseases requires development of effective and eco‐friendly alternatives.…”

“…Monogenea is a diverse class of ectoparasitic worms with a direct life cycle, of which many species are highly pathogenic and resistant to treatment in fish farming (Morales‐Serna et al, 2019; Pimentel‐Acosta et al, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b). Monogeneans mainly affect the gills of fish and in high abundance cause epithelial and haematological alterations (Costa et al, 2017; Restiannasab, Hemmatzadeh, Khara, & Saljoghi, 2016).…”

“…Monogeneans mainly affect the gills of fish and in high abundance cause epithelial and haematological alterations (Costa et al, 2017; Restiannasab, Hemmatzadeh, Khara, & Saljoghi, 2016). Outbreaks of monogeneans have led to mortalities of the entire fish stock and economic losses around the world (Costa et al, 2017; Morales‐Serna et al, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b), which is a major limitation to sustainable fish farming. Therefore, global expansion of fish farming must include continuous monitoring of parasitic infections and development of treatments (Valentim et al, 2018a), specifically with the use of effective and functional phytotherapeutics to manage outbreaks of monogeneans.…”

“…Outbreaks of monogeneans have led to mortalities of the entire fish stock and economic losses around the world (Costa et al, 2017; Morales‐Serna et al, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b), which is a major limitation to sustainable fish farming. Therefore, global expansion of fish farming must include continuous monitoring of parasitic infections and development of treatments (Valentim et al, 2018a), specifically with the use of effective and functional phytotherapeutics to manage outbreaks of monogeneans. The use of phytotherapeutics based on nanotechnology has been suggested to facilitate the control of these ectoparasites in fish farming (Tavares‐Dias, 2018; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b).…”