Coordinated Control of Three Single–Phase BESS Inverters Using Local Measurements to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance

Mexis, Ioannis; Todeschini, Grazia; Zhou, Zhongfu

doi:10.1109/tec.2022.3202137

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…However, this setup required a common DC bus and installed inverters for individual households, making it less economically appealing. Although few studies explore singlephase battery systems for unbalance compensation, their lower capital cost compared to three-phase systems makes them suitable for compensation purposes [18], [19]. These systems were designed to compensate for unbalance by controlling active and reactive power injections [19].…”

Section: B Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although few studies explore singlephase battery systems for unbalance compensation, their lower capital cost compared to three-phase systems makes them suitable for compensation purposes [18], [19]. These systems were designed to compensate for unbalance by controlling active and reactive power injections [19]. Yet, concerns exist regarding their capacity when a substantial number of RESs and loads are integrated into power systems [20].…”

Section: B Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Alleviation of Unbalanced Active Powers Using Distributed Batteries in LV Residential Distribution System

Pinthurat,

Hredzak

2023

Preprint

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<p>The high penetration and uneven distribution of single-phase rooftop PVs and load demands in power systems may lead to unbalanced active powers, adversely impacting power quality and system reliability. This paper introduces a strategy based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning to address these unbalanced active powers. The approach involves deploying single-phase battery systems throughout the LV residential distribution system, subsidized by the utility. Initially, the unbalanced active powers are framed as a Markov game, which is then addressed using a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. The strategy relies on local measurements, with agents' experiences centrally shared during training for cooperative tasks. Notably, information about the phase connections of the battery systems becomes unnecessary. The strategy learns from historical data, gradually mastering the process. Real data from rooftop PVs and demands in a four-wire LV residential distribution system validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Acting as adaptive agents, the battery systems collaboratively operate by adjusting active powers to minimize neutral current at the point of common connection.</p>

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Section: B Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Alleviation of Unbalanced Active Powers Using Distributed Batteries in LV Residential Distribution System

Pinthurat,

Hredzak

2023

Preprint

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“…Residential BESS are also considered in [20], where several control strategies were proposed to reduce curtailment and the associated financial losses. Another related problem is to use the BESS to balance the grid voltage on all lines in distribution networks, which was considered in [21] using three singlephase batteries together with an assumed high penetration of PV and battery electric vehicles. In more broad terms, the problem considered is similar to the one of optimal energy management in a grid, treated e.g.…”

Section: Environmental and Climate Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding PV-Induced Overvoltage through Grid-Connected Batteries Using Model Predictive Control

Kirchsteiger,

Landl

2023

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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The problem of temporary overvoltage when integrating large renewable power plants into the existing grid is considered. A grid-connected battery energy storage system with an advanced predictive control algorithm is proposed to reduce the overvoltage in time periods of excessive renewable production. An approximative grid model is developed using system identification methods on regular operation data. A model predictive control algorithm utilizing predictions of load and generation determines the optimal operation strategy of the battery. A comparison in simulation between a reference case with PID control and the proposed algorithm shows a large reduction of the time spent in overvoltage conditions, especially in the case of consecutive days of high renewables production. The results suggest that energy storages combined with a predictive control strategy can effectively alleviate the overvoltage problem in renewables integration. Especially in the case when available storage capacity is comparatively low, a uniform overvoltage reduction can be realized. The method can potentially increase the PV host capacity of current grids.

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“…The active and reactive power injections from phase-a inverter are shown in Figure 6.3 [2]. Figure 6.4 shows the voltage unbalance factor profiles without BESS (k v2 ) and with BESS connected (k c v2 ) aggregated over 200 ms for a simulation period of 6 s [2]. The aggregation window in this case is different from the one used in simulation, as shorter times are monitored.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, power converters used for distributed generation (DG) may provide voltage unbalance compensation as an ancillary service by regulating their reactive power output [1], [2]. However, the effectiveness of this method is limited to low voltage (LV) networks with high R/X values.…”

Section: Voltage Unbalance Mitigation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks

Mexis¹

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In light of the increasing penetration of single-phase loads and generation in the power system, voltage unbalance issues are expected to exacerbate. Single-phase connected photovoltaic (PV) panels may cause unequal three-phase power flows, resulting in unbalanced grid currents and voltages. In addition, the random charging behaviour of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with single-phase on-board chargers is expected to further contribute to voltage unbalance rise as the number of these devices grows. If voltage unbalance increases to unacceptable levels, it may have adverse effects on power system operation and on the equipment connected to it. Traditionally, the phase swapping technique has been deployed by distribution system operators for voltage unbalance mitigation, while other mitigating techniques include the deployment of power electronics-based devices. The majority of the devices reported in the literature are based on three-phase configurations, including series and parallel active power filters, unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs), static synchronous compensators (STAT-COMs) and, more recently, three-phase distributed generation (DG) inverters.This research proposes the use of single-phase battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for the provision of phase balancing services, which has been considered only in a few literature works, with most of these research papers focusing on three-phase BESSs. In this thesis, a novel control strategy is proposed for single-phase BESS units to compensate voltage unbalance by injecting both active and reactive power simultaneously. The proposed approach is based on the coordinated operation of three independent single-phase BESS inverters using local voltage and current measurements.Initially, a comprehensive literature review is performed with the following aims: a robust classification of the ancillary services currently offered by BESSs, harmonisation of the notation found in the literature for ancillary services, and identification of potential future applications of BESSs to power grids with large number of Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs). Then, the effectiveness of the proposed voltage unbalance compensation method is validated in the simulation environment, where two realistic models of distribution systems are developed. Next, the impact of increasing PV and EV penetration levels on voltage unbalance for a typical UK distribution system is assessed based on a deterministic approach. The control strategy is validated experimentally by carrying out Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) tests. Finally, an equivalent model of the distribution system and BESS inverter is derived, which allows to carry out a preliminary probabilistic study to cater for the uncertainties related to the location and size of the PVs and EVs, and to evaluate the voltage unbalance levels without and with the BESSs controlled to provide voltage unbalance compensation.It is concluded that the proposed BESS control system may effectively reduce the voltage unbalance levels under...

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Coordinated Control of Three Single–Phase BESS Inverters Using Local Measurements to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Alleviation of Unbalanced Active Powers Using Distributed Batteries in LV Residential Distribution System

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Alleviation of Unbalanced Active Powers Using Distributed Batteries in LV Residential Distribution System

Avoiding PV-Induced Overvoltage through Grid-Connected Batteries Using Model Predictive Control

Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks

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