Coordinated charging of electric vehicles connected to a net-metered PV parking lot

Ivanova, Alyona; Fernandez, Julian; Crawford, Curran; Djilali, Ned

doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2017.8260291

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As a last reference, [40] is quite similar to our work. It is a balanced approach taking into account a wide range of factors to do, among others, a design space exploration of the required number of chargers.…”

Section: Current Solutionssupporting

confidence: 77%

In-Company Smart Charging: Development of a Simulation Model to Facilitate a Smart EV Charging System

Voss¹,

Haveman²,

Bonnema

2021

Energies

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Current electric vehicle (EV) charging systems have limited smart functionality, and most research focuses on load-balancing the national or regional grid. In this article, we focus on supporting the early design of a smart charging system that can effectively and efficiently charge a company’s EV fleet, maximizing the use of self-generated Photo-Voltaic energy. The support takes place in the form of the Vehicle Charging Simulation (VeCS) model. System performance is determined by operational costs, CO2 emissions and employee satisfaction. Two impactful smart charging functions concern adaptive charging speeds and charging point management. Simulation algorithms for these functions are developed. The VeCS model is developed to simulate implementation of a smart charging system incorporating both charging infrastructure and local Photo-Voltaics input, using a company’s travel and energy data, prior to having the EVs in place. The model takes into account travel behaviour, energy input and energy consumption on a daily basis. The model shows the number of charged vehicles, whether incomplete charges occur, and energy flow during the day. The model also facilitates simulation of an entire year to determine overall cost and emission benefits. It also estimates charging costs and CO2 emissions that can be compared to the non-EV situation. With the VeCS model, the impact of various system design and implementation choices can be explored before EVs are used. Two system designs are proposed for the case company; a short-term version with current technology and a future version with various smart functionalities. Overall, the model can contribute to substantiated advice for a company regarding implementation of charging infrastructure.

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Section: Current Solutionssupporting

confidence: 77%

In-Company Smart Charging: Development of a Simulation Model to Facilitate a Smart EV Charging System

Voss¹,

Haveman²,

Bonnema

2021

Energies

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“…In Ref. [10], to reduce the daily cost in an EVPL that uses solar energy to the lowest level, for EV charging, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is proposed.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Operation of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Parking Lots Considering Different Photovoltaic Technologies

et al. 2021

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The performance of electric vehicles and their abilities to reduce fossil fuel consumption and air pollution on one hand and the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels in energy production, on the other hand, has encouraged parking lot operators (PLO) to participate in the energy market to gain more profit. However, there are several challenges such as different technologies of photovoltaic panels that make the problem complex in terms of installation cost, efficiency, available output power and dependency on environmental temperature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to maximize the PLO’s operational profit under the time of use energy pricing scheme by investigating the effects of different PV panel technologies on energy production and finding the best strategy for optimal operation of PVs and electric vehicle (EV) parking lots which is achieved by means of market and EV owners’ interaction. For the accurate investigation, four different PV panel technologies are considered in different seasons, with significant differences in daylight times, in Helsinki, Finland.

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“…Using the modified methodology presented in [49 ], the optimisation problem is formulated using MILP with the target of minimising the OC as defined per day, d , in (7 ). The decision vector is computed as

O {normalC}_{d} = \sum_{t = 1}^{T} C_{in, t} S_{net, t}^{-} - C_{out, t} S_{net, t}^{+} + C_{demand} S_{demand, t}^{+},

where

C_{in, t}

($/kW) and

C_{out, t}

($/kW) are the cost of purchasing the deficit electricity at the time t , and the profit earned from selling surplus electricity back to the grid at a time t , respectively;

C_{demand}

($/kW) is the demand charge for penalising the objective function when the maximum peak is high; and

S_{demand, t}^{+}

is the positive semi‐definite matrix of electricity surpassing the threshold beyond which it is influenced by the demand charge.…”

Section: Model Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic feasibility of a photovoltaic-equipped plug-in electric vehicle public parking lot with coordinated charging

Ivanova

Chassin

Aguado

et al. 2020

IET Energy Systems Integration

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Electrification of transport and the deployment of plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) shift emissions from tail‐pipes to bulk power systems (BPSs). Coordinated distributed energy resources and PEV charging can mitigate the impact of this shift. This study presents an analysis of photovoltaic (PV) solar parking lots that address this benefit. Real‐world charging data, solar data, and electricity tariffs are used to determine the microgrid system that minimises the cost of retrofitting an existing parking lot with PV and PEV infrastructure coupled. The result is a load scheduling algorithm that takes into account tariffs and insolation to reduce costs while ensuring customer satisfaction. The techno‐economic feasibility of PV infrastructure in the microgrid is determined by minimising the net present cost (NPC) in two case studies: Victoria, BC, and Los Angeles, CA. Relatively low solar irradiation and electricity prices make it economically infeasible to install solar panels in Victoria even though the operational costs are reduced by 11%. In Los Angeles, high time‐of‐use prices, together with abundant solar radiation, make PV retrofitting economically feasible with any array capacity. At the current solar infrastructure price, coordinated charging in this region yields 8–16% savings on NPC and smaller feeder size requirements with greater load growth opportunities.

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Coordinated charging of electric vehicles connected to a net-metered PV parking lot

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

In-Company Smart Charging: Development of a Simulation Model to Facilitate a Smart EV Charging System

In-Company Smart Charging: Development of a Simulation Model to Facilitate a Smart EV Charging System

Optimal Operation of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Parking Lots Considering Different Photovoltaic Technologies

Techno-economic feasibility of a photovoltaic-equipped plug-in electric vehicle public parking lot with coordinated charging

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