“…It is commonly assumed in the classical game theory that each individual is rational or selfish [2,3,8,9,13,15,20,24,35,36], trying to maximize the payoff, income, or welfare while interacting with the partners or neighbors [3,8]. However, it cannot be denied that not all the agents are rationalized; instead, some of them are irrational for the existence of heterogeneity [24,28,31] or diversity [6,17,27,31] in reality.…”