Convex Hull Based Robust Security Region for Electricity-Gas Integrated Energy Systems

An efficient solution method for integrated unit commitment and natural gas network operational scheduling under “Duck Curve”

“…42). Both that is, ramp rate and spinning reserve are formulated by Equations (10) and (11). Ignoring that the startup and shutdown costs are dependent on the amount of time the unit has been on or off, Equations (12)-(16) simply determine the startup and shutdown cost of each unit.…”

“…PtG technologies convert additional power generated by renewable sources to Hydrogen/gas which can be stored in the gas network. 10 PtG technologies significantly improve the use of energy resources and complete the closed ring between gas and power network. 11 That also implies the connection and dependency between the gas network and power network increases which also leads to a higher risk for both networks 12 operations.…”

“…The introduction of Power‐to‐Gas technologies has helped to increase the flexibility of gas and power networks to further utilize renewable energy sources. PtG technologies convert additional power generated by renewable sources to Hydrogen/gas which can be stored in the gas network 10 . PtG technologies significantly improve the use of energy resources and complete the closed ring between gas and power network 11 .…”

ADP‐based decentralised algorithm for the optimal energy flow of the electricity–natural gas system

“…The NGUs' input-output characteristic is similar to that of CUs, which is also a quadratic equation as follows [12,17]:…”

“…Borraz-Sánchez et al [11] introduced a binary variable that represented the direction of the gas flow in each pipeline, and reformulated the original problem of NG networks as a mixedinteger second-order cone programming (MISOCP). In [12], a convex optimisation approach was presented to studied EGS's robustness with wind power. Manshadi and Khodayar [13] converted the NG model into semi-definite programming (SDP), which guaranteed the convexity of the model, but the additional variables and equations made the NG subproblem more complicated.…”