Electrochemical and mechanical properties of lithium‐ion battery materials are heavily dependent on their 3D microstructure characteristics. A quantitative understanding of the role played by stochastic microstructures is critical for the prediction of material properties and for guiding synthesis processes. Furthermore, tailoring microstructure morphology is also a viable way of achieving optimal electrochemical and mechanical performances of lithium‐ion cells. To facilitate the establishment of microstructure‐resolved modeling and design methods, a review covering spatially and temporally resolved imaging of microstructure and electrochemical phenomena, microstructure statistical characterization and stochastic reconstruction, microstructure‐resolved modeling for property prediction, and machine learning for microstructure design is presented here. The perspectives on the unresolved challenges and opportunities in applying experimental data, modeling, and machine learning to improve the understanding of materials and identify paths toward enhanced performance of lithium‐ion cells are presented.
We demonstrated the use of the powerful machine learning tool to develop the ''safety envelope'' of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles that provides the range of mechanical loading conditions ensuring safe operation. The daunting challenge of obtaining a large databank of battery tests was overcome by utilizing a high-accuracy finite element model of a pouch cell to generate over 2,500 numerical simulations. The safety envelope will serve as important guidelines to the design of EV and batteries.
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