Conversion of Some Vegetable Oils into Synthetic Lubricants

Hashem, Ahmed I.; Elmagd, Wael S. I. Abou; Salem, A.; Elkasaby, M.; El-Nahas, A. M.

doi:10.1080/15567036.2010.514587

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…First is the preparation of epoxidized canola oil by using an Amberlite IR 120 catalyst followed by a ring-opening reaction with different alcohols such as n -butanol, amyl alcohol, and 2-ethylhexanol catalyzed with Amberlyst-15 (dry). Numerous studies have proven that ring opening followed by esterification of the epoxides resulted in an improved viscosity index, better low-temperature flow properties, increased thermal and oxidative stabilities, lower coefficients of friction, and better lubricity characteristics. − Hwang and Erhan used sulfuric acid as the catalyst during the ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with various linear and branched alcohols. This was followed by esterification of the resulting hydroxyl group with an acid anhydride.…”

Section: Dedicated Biobased Chemicals: Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Oil-Based Chemicals for Sustainable Development of Petrochemical Industries in Malaysia: Progress, Prospect, and Challenges

Chin

Shahruddin

Chua

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The Malaysia petrochemical industry has continued to grow due to its dominance in the global chemical market. The consequential adverse impact on environmental aspects and resource depletion have urged the petrochemical industries to commit to sustainability-driven initiatives such as substitution with renewables and natural processes using biobased feedstock. Nevertheless, many petrochemical industries shy way from investing in such a complex and capital-intensive production process. It is anticipated that capital cost and energy cost can be reduced significantly if the functional group of biobased feedstock matches well with the composition and energy content of the end product. This perspective reviews the technical aspects of the processes for converting vegetable oil-based raw materials into the respective biobased smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and lubricant, attributed to the notable market position of Malaysia petrochemical industries for these products. Vegetable oil-based glycerol is a potential bioderived feedstock for the synthesis of 1,3-PDO. Hitherto, the biotechnological conversion process has been commercialized even though its complexity and capital cost can be further reduced by using microbial consortia, which are highly adaptable to the less stringent continuous glycerol fermentation. The comparatively simple chemical conversion process is yet to be commercialized because of impractical catalyst selectivity and stability under severe operating conditions. On another note, vegetable oils have been proven as a promising feedstock for the production of biolubricants. Despite numerous research efforts, setbacks like process complexity and unrecyclable catalysts are still restricting an economically viable large-scale production of biolubricants from vegetable oil. Palm oil which is abundantly available in Malaysia could continue to be the feasible biobased feedstock for the production of 1,3-PDO and biolubricant, provided sustainable agronomic and manufacturing practices were developed for the cultivation of oil palm and production of palm oil, respectively. With an abundant supply of biobased feedstock, the petrochemical industries, with their market position for chemical products, and the palm oil and oleochemical industries should work hand in hand to green Malaysia's economy through the acceleration of the development of sustainable business in biobased chemicals. The mutually beneficial partnership could only be promoted by the realization of relevant government policies.

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Section: Dedicated Biobased Chemicals: Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Oil-Based Chemicals for Sustainable Development of Petrochemical Industries in Malaysia: Progress, Prospect, and Challenges

Chin

Shahruddin

Chua

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…This is due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and environmental pollution from excessive mineral oil use and improper disposal of used lubricants [1]. Vegetable oil's high biodegradability, low toxicity, and good lubricating properties, makes it a potential alternative to fossil-based lubricants [2,3]. Their nontoxic and readily biodegradable characteristics pose less danger to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubrication Performance of α-Zirconium Phosphates as an Anti-Wear Additive in Vegetable Oil-Based Anhydrous Calcium Grease

Dai

Dong

2018

Lubricants

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Vegetable oil has significant potential as a base oil, and substitute for mineral oil in grease formulation due to its biodegradability, low toxicity and excellent lubrication. This paper studied the development of vegetable oil-based greases with α-Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O (α-ZrP) as an additive, exploring base oil influence in tribological behavior. The results demonstrated that the addition of α-ZrP in vegetable-based greases is beneficial to anti-wear property. α-ZrP particles exhibit good performance in anti-wear, friction-reduction and load-carrying capacity, and its tribological performances are better than the normally used molybdenum disulfide and graphite additives. Owing to its superior tribological properties as a vegetable oil-based grease additive, α-ZrP holds great potential for use in environmentally friendly applications in the future.

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“…The viscosity of lubricating oil is extremely sensitive to the operating temperature and the viscosity index VI is developed to indicate the effect of temperature changes on the viscosity of the oil. The viscosities of nature vegetable oils exhibit relatively narrow viscosity range due to their triglycerides structure which hampered widespread industrial application 3,6 . Therefore, it is essential to develop bio-based lubricant over a moderate range of viscosity from the vegetable oils or similar materials.…”

Section: Viscosity and Viscosity Index VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are applied in modern lubricants either directly; in formulations containing vegetable oils such as soybean and rapeseed oils, or as precursors for the manufacture of chemically modified base oils and effective additives 3 5 . The former approach has lower energy processing requirements but gives a very limited range of products, whose usefulness is limited by their relatively poor oxidative control, reduced operating temperature ranges, poor low temperature operability and their availability in limited viscosity ranges 6,7 . Greater flexibility of utilization is achieved through chemical modification, such as epoxidation, estolide formation and transesterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-lubricants Derived from Waste Cooking Oil with Improved Oxidation Stability and Low-temperature Properties

Liu

Wang

2015

J. Oleo Sci.

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Conversion of Some Vegetable Oils into Synthetic Lubricants

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Palm Oil-Based Chemicals for Sustainable Development of Petrochemical Industries in Malaysia: Progress, Prospect, and Challenges

Palm Oil-Based Chemicals for Sustainable Development of Petrochemical Industries in Malaysia: Progress, Prospect, and Challenges

Lubrication Performance of α-Zirconium Phosphates as an Anti-Wear Additive in Vegetable Oil-Based Anhydrous Calcium Grease

Bio-lubricants Derived from Waste Cooking Oil with Improved Oxidation Stability and Low-temperature Properties

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