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In this work, a new facile green method was proposed to prepare monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles at room temperature with controlled shape and size.

Available online xxxKeywords: Wooden polymerPolyester Bagasse a b s t r a c tThe main aim of this work is to fill unsaturated polyester resin with bagasse agricultural waste, as reinforcement, to prepare green woodenepolymer composites. Bagasse fibers were treated with 5% sodium hydroxide and then with dilute sulfuric acid. Bagasseepolyester composites were prepared by addition of 5, 10 and 15% of untreated and alkali treated bagasse fibers to polyester. The crosslinking reaction was performed using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as a catalyst and cobalt octoate as an accelerator. The prepared composites were then exposed to post-curing at elevated temperature for completely crosslinking. The flexural behavior of the prepared composites was studied. An enhancement in the mechanical properties was achieved after chemical treatment. In addition, water absorption and chemical resistance were conducted showing that the produced bagasseepolyester composite with appreciable mechanical and physical properties is a new partner and cost effective material for many advanced industrial applications in addition to their environmental friendly behavior.

Amphiphilic poly(ionic liquids), PILs, derived from natural products attracted great attention as a green chemical in the field of the surface chemistry and petroleum industry. In the present work, new surface active PILs were synthesized from cardanol cashew nut oil as a hydrophobic alkyl phenol. The phenol group was etherified with diethanolamine, ethanolamine, and tetraethylene glycol using linking agent based on β,β-dicholorodiethyl ether to insert nonionic hydrophilic groups into cardanol. The amine group was quaternized with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to produce polymerizable ionic liquids that polymerized to obtain new PILs. The chemical structure of the prepared new PILs was elucidated from 1 HNMR and elemental analysis. The surface activity of the prepared PILs was determined from the surface and interfacial tension measurements of their aqueous solution. The ability of the prepared PILs to disperse the asphaltene fractions of the heavy Arabian crude oil was studied. It was used to explain their demulsification performance and efficiency data when they were used as demulsifiers for crude oil water emulsions. The demulsification data elucidate that the PILs have greater ability to reduce IFT and can separate water effectively. Moreover, the PILs have a greater tendency to disperse asphaltene and perform better as demulsifier than that flocculate asphaltenes.

This study concerns the improvement in the antimicrobial activity of new aminated chitosan derivatives. p-Benzoquinone (PBQ) conjugated chitin was first prepared and then reacted with ethylenediamine (EDA) to get aminated chitin. The latter was finally deacetylated to get new aminated chitosan derivatives. Factors affecting conjugation and amination steps were studied. The amination process was confirmed by using FT-IR, TGA analysis, and the solubility test. The new aminated chitosan derivatives show a higher solubility, almost double, at a pH ranging from 5 to 6 compared with z pristine chitosan. The antibacterial activity of the chitosan derivatives was tested against four different bacterial strains: two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas

Asphaltene aggregations of heavy crude oils provoke their destabilization and affect their viscosity significantly during their production, transportation, and refining. This problem was produced from phase separation and asphaltene particle growth. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted more attention as a green solvent to solve these problems. In the present work, new ILs based on the imidazolium cation and organic salt anions such as oleate, abietate, and m-alkyl phenoxy were prepared at room temperature and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermal analyses. These ILs were evaluated as asphaltene dispersants for Arabic heavy crude oil. The molecular interactions between the prepared ILs and asphaltenes were proven from zeta potential and asphaltene particle size variations. The effect of IL concentrations on asphaltene dispersion and viscosity values of crude oils is investigated at different temperatures. The ability of the prepared ILs to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil was investigated and arranged in the order of ILs that contained hydrophenancerene groups more than that contained alkyl groups or phenoxygroups as the anion.

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