Controlled release of ethinylestradiol from ethylene-vinyl acetate membrane

Shin, Sang‐Chul; Byun, Soo-Young

doi:10.1016/0378-5173(96)04497-3

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is a heat processable and inexpensive material whose properties can be changed by varying the content of vinyl acetate or by adding plasticizer. 7,8 The rate and mechanism of drug release from membranes can be predicted from different models such as those by Higuchi,9,10 and Korsmeyer and Peppas. 11,12 In this study, the release of ibuprofen from the EVAc matrix were evaluated and the effect of isopropanol on the membrane structure as an enhancer on release rate of ibuprofen were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of isopropanol addition on enhancement of transdermal controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer membranes

Emami

Hassannejad

Hasani-Sadrabadi

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work reports the study of the addition of isopropanol on controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymer membranes. An EVAc solution in cyclohexane (4% w/v) containing triethyl citrate (7% w/v) as plasticizer was mixed with ibuprofen at three different concentrations of 4, 6, and 8%. Isopropanol was mixed with each of the previous mixtures to form solutions of 1, 3, and 5% isopropanol concentrations. Samples were solvent cast on glass petridishes to form membranes. Home-made diffusion cells were used for in vitro study. These cells were composed of two compartments, donor (exposed to ambient conditions), and receptor (including buffer solution maintained at 37 C). Each cell was equipped with a sampling port and water in and out system. An ultraviolet spectrometer at 222 nm was used to measure release rates of obtained membranes. The diffusion mechanism for drug release was examined by zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas theories to confirm the obtained membranes follow the matrix-type system. By increasing the drug concentration from 4 to 8%, drug release (cumulative amount) was improved from 20 (47.5%) to 30 (36%) lg/ cm 2 after 24 h. Addition of 5% isopropanol to the above samples (4 and 8% loading) further increased drug release to 24 and 43 lg/cm 2 . Results were in good agreement with the Korsmeyer-Peppas theory for samples with 4 (% w/w) of ibuprofen. The highest percentage of drug release after 24 h was 59% for the sample with 4% drug loading compared to 50% for the sample with 8% drug loading, both with 5% isopropanol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of isopropanol addition on enhancement of transdermal controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer membranes

Emami

Hassannejad

Hasani-Sadrabadi

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is of interest to note that many penetration enhancers such as azone contain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, and some structure-activity relationships, employed a range of fatty acids, acids, alcohols, sulphoxides, surfactants, and amides as enhancers for naloxone [63][64][65] .…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2011

IJPSR

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The transdermal route of drug delivery has attracted researchers due to many biomedical advantages associated with it. However, excellent impervious nature of skin is the greatest challenge that has to be overcome for successfully delivering drug molecules to the systemic circulation by this route. This review describes enhancement techniques based on drug/vehicle optimization such as physical and chemical penetration enhancers. Various novel carriers and vehicles like micro/nano and multiple emulsion, Liposomes, Niosomes, and Transferosomes etc., along with formulation strategies has also been discussed in the present review.

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“…With membrane controlled systems, a drug reservoir is confined within a polymeric membrane and an adhesive film in contact with skin and steady state delivery is determined by the combined permeability characteristics of the membrane, adhesive and skin. Generally, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers 1,2) or Eudragit-RS/hydroxypropylcellulose 3) are employed for membranes. On the other hand, monolithic matrix systems consist of a polymeric material in which the drug is dispersed or dissolved, acting simultaneously as a combined drug reservoir and skin contact adhesive layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Matrix Patches Containing Formoterol Fumarate

Kakubari

Shinkai

Kawakami

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Transdermal drug delivery, recognized as a convenient route for administration of systemically active drugs, can be categorized into two types. With membrane controlled systems, a drug reservoir is confined within a polymeric membrane and an adhesive film in contact with skin and steady state delivery is determined by the combined permeability characteristics of the membrane, adhesive and skin. Generally, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers 1,2) or Eudragit-RS/hydroxypropylcellulose 3) are employed for membranes. On the other hand, monolithic matrix systems consist of a polymeric material in which the drug is dispersed or dissolved, acting simultaneously as a combined drug reservoir and skin contact adhesive layer. Specific pressure sensitive adhesives have been developed with a series of polymeric materials, including aclylate, silicone and rubber. 4,5) A few reports have described EVA as a base polymer. 6,7)Formoterol is a catecholamine analogue possessing highly potent, long-lasting b 2 -adreoceptor agonist effects. 8,9) Clinical studies have revealed that it induces bronchodilation for at least 12 h after a single oral administration.10,11) However, dosing is needed twice a day to maintain inhibition of bronchoconstriction in asthma patients and therefore there is considerable interest in development of transdermal drug delivery systems without the adverse effects of frequent oral administration.In the present study, we evaluated the skin permeability and stability of formoterol fumarate (FF) in matrix patches containing l-menthol and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). In addition, efficacy under simulated conditions relevant to asthma in experimental animals was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials FF and bromo-formoterol were obtained from Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and EVA, hydrogenated rosin glycerol ester (Ester Gum H), lmenthol, and NMP were purchased from Bayer AG (Tokyo, Japan), Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), Takasago International Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and ISP Japan Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. All other chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade quality, obtained commercially and used without further purification.Preparation of EVA Matrix Patches EVA matrix patches were prepared by a casting method.12,13) An adhesive solution was made by adding EVA at 16.4% and Ester Gum H at 10.7% to toluene at 43.62-65.22% as a coating solvent and mixing with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. FF at 0.48% was dissolved at NMP of 4.8-14.4% followed by addition of l-menthol at 2.4-14.4%. The drug solution was then mixed with the adhesive solution and the mixed adhesive solution applied to a baking sheet of polyethylene terephthalate film. After drying at 50°C for 10 min, a release liner was placed on the dry adhesive.In Vitro Rat Skin Permeation Study Hair on the abdominal skin of male Wistar strain rats (Nihon SLC, body weight 170-200 g) was shaved, and full-thickness skin was excised and preserved at Ϫ40°C until mounted in modified Frantz diffusion cells (availabl...

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Controlled release of ethinylestradiol from ethylene-vinyl acetate membrane

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of isopropanol addition on enhancement of transdermal controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer membranes

The effect of isopropanol addition on enhancement of transdermal controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer membranes

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Formulation and Evaluation of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Matrix Patches Containing Formoterol Fumarate

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