The effect of isopropanol addition on enhancement of transdermal controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer membranes

Abstract

This work reports the study of the addition of isopropanol on controlled release of ibuprofen from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymer membranes. An EVAc solution in cyclohexane (4% w/v) containing triethyl citrate (7% w/v) as plasticizer was mixed with ibuprofen at three different concentrations of 4, 6, and 8%. Isopropanol was mixed with each of the previous mixtures to form solutions of 1, 3, and 5% isopropanol concentrations. Samples were solvent cast on glass petridishes to form membranes. Home-made diffusion cells were used for in vitro study. These cells were composed of two compartments, donor (exposed to ambient conditions), and receptor (including buffer solution maintained at 37 C). Each cell was equipped with a sampling port and water in and out system. An ultraviolet spectrometer at 222 nm was used to measure release rates of obtained membranes. The diffusion mechanism for drug release was examined by zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas theories to confirm the obtained membranes follow the matrix-type system. By increasing the drug concentration from 4 to 8%, drug release (cumulative amount) was improved from 20 (47.5%) to 30 (36%) lg/ cm 2 after 24 h. Addition of 5% isopropanol to the above samples (4 and 8% loading) further increased drug release to 24 and 43 lg/cm 2 . Results were in good agreement with the Korsmeyer-Peppas theory for samples with 4 (% w/w) of ibuprofen. The highest percentage of drug release after 24 h was 59% for the sample with 4% drug loading compared to 50% for the sample with 8% drug loading, both with 5% isopropanol.

Development and characterization of electrosprayed nanoparticles for encapsulation of Curcumin

“…The release pattern was plotted for 76 h of Curcumin release where the diagram reached a plateau. The cumulative release relation, which has been formulated elsewhere is as follows: where is the corrected concentration of the n th sample, mg/L; is the measured concentration of Curcumin in n th sample, mg/L; is the measured concentration of the ( n – 1)th sample, mg/L; is the volume of receiver fluid, mL; and is the volume of sample drawn (0.5 mL).…”

Synthesis and Controlled Release Behavior of Biodegradable Polymers with Pendant Ibuprofen Group

“…However, the main problems of the drug release systems still exist, that is, lower drug loading (less than 30%), explosive release, and rapid drug release. A variety of drug carriers with low ibuprofen loading ratio were reported, using electrospun fibers [9], Pluronic mixture gels [13], copolymer membrane of ethylene vinyl acetate [14], and polymer-drug complexes [15]. The loading ratio of the drug 2 International Journal of Polymer Science is around 1-23%.…”

A rechargeable drug delivery system based on pNIPAM hydrogel for the local release of curcumin

“…At predetermined time intervals, including 30 min, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 h, and 1 week, samples (100 μl) were withdrawn and replaced with an equal volume of fresh pre‐heated PBS. The effect of sampling at different time points was applied using the following equation 28 : where D is the real concentration of the drug in t n , C n is the measured concentration in t n , D n − 1 the corrected concentration in t n − 1 , V s is sampling volume (ml) and V t is the receiver medium volume (ml).…”

“…Curcumin-loaded hydrogels were weighed and placed in 3 ml of PBS in a shaking incubator at 37 C. At predetermined time intervals, including 30 min, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 h, and 1 week, samples (100 μl) were withdrawn and replaced with an equal volume of fresh pre-heated PBS. The effect of sampling at different time points was applied using the following equation 28 :…”