Controlled polymerization of aniline at sub-zero temperatures

Beadle, P.M.; Nicolau, Y.F.; Banka, E.; Rannou, Patrice; Djurado, David

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(98)00028-9

Cited by 119 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The polymerization is completed within 10 min at room temperature and within 1 h at 0-2 °C [16]. The oxidation of aniline is exothermic so the temperature of the reaction mixture can be used to monitor the progress of reaction [16][17][18]. Temperature profile is well reproducible.…”

Section: Project Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Stejskal

Gilbert

2002

Pure and Applied Chemistry

1,232

569

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Eight persons from five institutions in different countries carried out polymerizations of aniline following the same preparation protocol. In a "standard" procedure, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient temperature. The yield of polyaniline was higher than 90 % in all cases. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline hydrochloride thus prepared was 4.4 ± 1.7 S cm-1 (average of 59 samples), measured at room temperature. A product with defined electrical properties could be obtained in various laboratories by following the same synthetic procedure. The influence of reduced reaction temperature and increased acidity of the polymerization medium on polyaniline conductivity were also addressed. The conductivity changes occurring during the storage of polyaniline were monitored. The density of polyaniline hydrochloride was 1.329 g cm-3. The average conductivity of corresponding polyaniline bases was 1.4 x108 S cm-1, the density being 1.245 g cm-1. Additional changes in the conductivity take place during storage. Aging is more pronounced in powders than in compressed samples. As far as aging effects are concerned, their assessment is relative. The observed reduction in the conductivity by ~10 % after more than one-year storage is large but, compared with the low conductivity of corresponding polyaniline (PANI) base, such a change is negligible. For most applications, an acceptable level of conductivity may be maintained throughout the expected lifetime.

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Section: Project Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Stejskal

Gilbert

2002

Pure and Applied Chemistry

1,232

569

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“…The temperature profile depends on the geometry of an experiment, but this easy measurement identifies precisely the individual phases of the reaction. Calorimetric and temperature measurements have been used in the literature in monitoring the aniline polymerization (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Kinetics Of Dispersion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(phenylenediamine) Dispersions

Sulimenko

Stejskal

Prokeš

2001

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The details of the preparation can be found elsewhere. 13 The resulting emeraldine hydrochloride was then transformed into the free base state by deprotonation with an excess of 0.3M aqueous solution of NH 3 . The inherent viscosity of the polymer was equal to 1.49 dL/g at 25°C (0.1 wt % of emeraldine in H 2 SO 4 ).…”

Section: Experimental Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive blends of polyaniline with plasticized poly(methyl methacrylate)

Juvin

Hasik

Fraysse

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Polyaniline (PANI) protonated with camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) and three different poly(alkylene phosphates) (PAPs) (where alkylene ϭ pentylene, hexylene, or nonylene) was used in the fabrication of conductive polyaniline-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends. The lowest percolation threshold ( f p ϭ 0.041 wt %) was obtained for the PANI(CSA) 0.5 -PMMA blend plasticized with 35 wt % of dibutyl phtalate (DBPh). This blend is also very resistant against the deprotonation of its conductive phase in basic solutions of pH ϭ 9. In the case of blends prepared with the use of PAPs as PANI dopants, the percolation threshold strongly depends on the length of the hydrophobic spacer (alkylene group) in the dopant. The percolation threshold decreases in the order PPP Ͼ PHP Ͼ PNP, whereas the resistance against deprotonation in basic solutions decreases in the following inverse order: PNP Ͼ PHP Ͼ PPP. This last observation can be rationalized by increasing contribution of hydrophobic segments in the polymeric dopant, when going from PPP to PNP, which renders polyaniline more resistance toward the penetration by aqueous basic solutions.

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Controlled polymerization of aniline at sub-zero temperatures

Cited by 119 publications

References 99 publications

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Poly(phenylenediamine) Dispersions

Conductive blends of polyaniline with plasticized poly(methyl methacrylate)

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