Controlled<i>p</i>-type doping of polycrystalline and amorphous organic layers: Self-consistent description of conductivity and field-effect mobility by a microscopic percolation model

Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, Martin; Nollau, A.; Zhou, Xiang; Leo, Karl; Simon, Paul

doi:10.1103/physrevb.64.195208

Cited by 223 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is likely due to inhomogeneous mixing of the dopant and C 60 molecules at higher doping concentrations, as has been previously postulated. [27,33,34] We show atomic force microscopy images of doped C 60 films in Figure S2 in the Supporting Information, which are consistent with this notion.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201604186supporting

confidence: 84%

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

et al. 2016

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Air‐stable doping of the n–type fullerene layer in an n–i–p planar heterojunction perovskite device is capable of enhancing device efficiency and improving device stability. Employing a (HC(NH2)2)0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3 perovskite as the photoactive layer, glass–glass laminated devices are reported, which sustain 80% of their “post burn‐in” efficiency over 3400 h under full sun illumination in ambient conditions.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201604186supporting

confidence: 84%

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

et al. 2016

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“…In addition to the exponential behavior, we find a rather weak influence of the temperature on the reverse current. In contrast to a typical activation energy of the forward current (E act for ) (170 ( 20) meV) for such a pindevice, 20 a surprisingly small activation energy of E act rev ) (30 ( 10) meV is measured in the reverse direction without any voltage dependence (see inset of Figure 2b). This low reverse activation energy can be interpreted as being related to HOMO-LUMO tunneling processes that become dominant in this voltage region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Organic Zener Diodes: Tunneling across the Gap in Organic Semiconductor Materials

Kleemann

Gutiérrez²,

Lindner

et al. 2010

Nano Lett.

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Organic Zener diodes with a precisely adjustable reverse breakdown from -3 to -15 V without any influence on the forward current-voltage curve are realized. This is accomplished by controlling the width of the charge depletion zone in a pin-diode with an accuracy of one nanometer independently of the doping concentration and the thickness of the intrinsic layer. The breakdown effect with its exponential current voltage behavior and a weak temperature dependence is explained by a tunneling mechanism across the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of neighboring molecules. The experimental data are confirmed by a minimal Hamiltonian model approach, including coherent tunneling and incoherent hopping processes as possible charge transport pathways through the effective device region.

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“…This has motivated several recent studies of the effects of chemical doping on the charge carrier concentration, trap density, electrical conductivity, and charge carrier mobility in molecular semiconductors. 16 Iodine doping of ordered pentacene 17 has been shown to control the conductivity over 10 orders of magnitude. In such crystalline molecular solids, highly ordered charge transfer complexes are formed with I 3 Ϫ ions incorporated between planes of -stacked organic molecules.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electronic structure of n- and p-doped phenyl-capped 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene trimer

Jong

Gon

Crispin

et al. 2003

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The phenyl-capped 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene ͑EDOT͒ trimer is a well-defined oligomer of the related poly͑3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene͒, the conjugated polymer that forms the basis of the commercialized conducting polymer ''PEDOT-PSS.'' EDOT-based oligomers are themselves potential candidates for applications in molecular electronics, such as organic field effect transistors and organic solar cells. Well controlled chemical doping is of importance in such applications, since it enables tuning of important properties such as the electrical conductivity, the position of the Fermi-level, the optical absorption edge, and the quantum efficiency for photovoltaic devices. The effects of chemical doping, both p-type doping with iodine, and n-type doping with lithium, on the electronic structure of condensed molecular solid films of EDOT trimer have been studied using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of parameters important for device applications.

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Controlledp-type doping of polycrystalline and amorphous organic layers: Self-consistent description of conductivity and field-effect mobility by a microscopic percolation model

Cited by 223 publications

References 24 publications

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

Organic Zener Diodes: Tunneling across the Gap in Organic Semiconductor Materials

The electronic structure of n- and p-doped phenyl-capped 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene trimer

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