Control Of Postharvest Diseases Of Fruits Using Microbes

Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.; Arora, D. K.

doi:10.1201/9780203913369.ch15

Cited by 58 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…The use of antagonist mixtures is likely to increase the protection level (Janisiewicz and Korsten, 2002;Krauss and Johanson, 2000;Krauss et al, 2001). This could be particularly interesting in the case of crown rot disease control, because the composition of the complex varies considerably, and a single strain cannot be expected to perform equally against all possible compositions of the fungal complex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

2008

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The antagonistic activity of two yeast strains (Pichia anomala (E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, strain K and Candida oleophila Montrocher, strain O) against the parasitic complex responsible for banana crown rot was evaluated. The strains were applied at three different concentrations (10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 cfu/ml) and their efficacy tested in vivo on three separate fungi (Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, and Cephalosporium sp.) and on a parasitic complex formed by association of these three fungi. At the concentrations used C. musae appeared to be the most pathogenic. The complex showed intermediate aggressiveness between C. musae and both other fungi.Statistically significant antagonistic effects were observed on C. musae, F. moniliforme, and the fungal complex. The highest protection level (54.4%) was observed with strain O added at 10 8 cfu/ml on crowns previously inoculated with the fungal complex. The level was lower when the fungi were inoculated separately.Furthermore, the antagonistic effect was strongly reinforced when strain O at 10 8 cfu/ml was applied 24 h before fungal complex inoculation (59.9%), as compared to its application 15 min (24.3%) or 3 h (27.3%) after fungal complex inoculation. Bananas showed increased susceptibility to the fungal complex from March to June, and this influenced the level of protection by yeast, which decreased over the same period. A strict negative correlation (R 2 = 0.83) was highlighted between susceptibility of banana to crown rot and protection provided by yeast.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

2008

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“…The present work was thus undertaken to investigate the possible involvement of competition for nutrients in the biocontrol activity of strain Ach1-1 against P. expansum. Although several possible mechanisms have been reported (Droby and Chalutz, 1994;Janisiewicz and Korsten, 2002;Massart and Jijakli, 2007), the main mode of action of yeast(-like) biocontrol agents is believed to be competition for nutrients and space (Droby and Chalutz, 1994;Lima et al, 1997;Janisiewicz et al, 2000;Castoria et al, 2001). According to the literature dealing with competition for nutrients and space using different antagonist/pathogen(/host) systems (Castoria et al, 1997(Castoria et al, , 2001Lima et al, 1997;Janisiewicz et al, 2000;Guetsky et al, 2002;Vero et al, 2002): (i) most studies have considered either the in vitro or the in situ approach but not both, (ii) the contribution of the competition for nutrients and competition for space has rarely been considered separately, and (iii) in situ assays have been often performed using the Nutrient Yeast Dextrose Broth medium whose composition is not comparable with that of host tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, postharvest diseases, especially those originating from wound infection at harvest or during postharvest handling and packing, can be a serious limiting factor for management alternatives with different mechanisms of action compared to chemical fungicides (Punja and Utkhede, 2003;Spadaro and Gullino, 2004;Fravel, 2005;Massart and Jijakli, 2007). A number of yeasts and bacteria have been reported to control postharvest fruit decay effectively (Janisiewicz and Korsten, 2002). Despite progress in understanding their modes of action, only a few biocontrol products are currently registered for such control in Europe (Alabouvette et al, 2006), in comparison with other countries, especially the USA (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in situ study of postharvest apple blue mold biocontrol by Aureobasidium pullulans: Evidence for the involvement of competition for nutrients

Bencheqroun

Bajji

Massart

et al. 2007

Postharvest Biology and Technology

128

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Aureobasidium pullulans strain Ach1-1 was selected for its effectiveness against blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on stored apple fruit. The possible involvement of competition for nutrients in the biocontrol activity of this antagonistic strain was investigated both in vitro and in situ. For in vitro assays, the effect of strain Ach1-1 on germination percentages of P. expansum conidia was evaluated after a 24 h incubation period in the presence of increasing apple juice concentrations (0-5%) using a system allowing the physical separation of both agents. In the absence of strain Ach1-1, conidial germination was strongly promoted by apple juice whatever the concentration. However, germination was significantly reduced by the presence of strain Ach1-1 except at the highest juice concentration. For conidia previously inhibited at 0.5% juice, germination after 24 h of incubation was partially recovered in the presence of strain Ach1-1 when fresh juice was added to a final concentration of 5%, and completely restored at both 0.5 and 5% juice concentrations in the absence of strain Ach1-1. For in situ assays, strain Ach1-1 was very protective against P. expansum on postharvest wounded apples. However, the application of high concentrations of exogenous sugars, vitamins and most particularly amino acids, significantly reduced such protection. Time-course analysis of apple amino acids at the wound site revealed that these compounds were more depleted in wounds treated with strain Ach1-1 alone and especially in those treated with both agents (strain Ach1-1 and P. expansum) compared to wounds treated with P. expansum alone or to untreated ones. Exogenous amino acids, applied at high concentrations on apple wounds as a mixture of specific amino acid groups or as individuals, significantly decreased strain Ach1-1 efficacy against P. expansum. The present study provides in vitro and in situ evidence that competition for apple nutrients, most particularly amino acids, may be a main mechanism of the biocontrol activity of A. pullulans strain Ach1-1 against blue mold caused by P. expansum on harvested apple fruit.

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“…Mecanismos baseados, principalmente, em competição por espaço e por nutrientes, micoparasitismo, antibiose e elicitação de defesas da planta contribuem, simultânea ou subsequentemente, para o biocontrole de microrganismos (Janisiewicz & Korsten, 2002;Djonovic et al, 2007 Em plantas infectadas por microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos, há primeiro a acumulação de proteínas induzidas patogenicamente, ou proteínas-PR (Hartleb et al, 1997). Após a penetração do patógeno, há formação de um ou mais tipos de estruturas, que apresentam maior ou menor sucesso na defesa da planta, e podem apresentar poderosa atividade antifúngica (Hartleb et al, 1997;Karban & Kuc, 1999;Xiuyun & Tzi, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Indução de resistência sistêmica à antracnose em feijoeiro-comum pela raça delta avirulenta de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Campos

Hampe

Ferreira

et al. 2009

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial da raça delta avirulenta do fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, como protetora contra raças virulentas deste fungo e quanto à capacidade de induzir resistência sistêmica em feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Quatro cultivares de feijoeiro foram avaliadas quanto às alterações nas atividades de beta-1,3-glucanase e quitinase, em dois estádios de desenvolvimento (V2 e R6), três dias após a aplicação de suspensão de esporos de C. lindemuthianum raça delta avirulenta, em comparação com aplicações de água e ácido salicílico. As plantas foram, então, infectadas com o patótipo virulento 33/95 de C. lindemuthianum em suspensão e, depois de cinco dias, foram reavaliadas quanto à atividade das enzimas. Observaram-se acréscimos signifi cativos nas atividades da beta-1,3-glucanase e quitinase, após inoculação do fungo indutivo, nas duas avaliações, nos dois estádios de desenvolvimento. As atividades da beta-1,3-glucanase e da quitinase variaram entre as cultivares e entre os estádios de desenvolvimento das plantas. A correlação entre o índice de severidade da doença e a atividade das enzimas foi altamente signifi cativa. O uso de C. lindemuthianum raça delta avirulenta diminuiu a severidade da doença e pode ter potencial para controlar a antracnose do feijoeiro.Termos para indexação: Phaseolus vulgaris, ácido salicílico, beta-1,3-glucanase, controle biológico, enzimas hidrolíticas, quitinase. Induction of systemic resistance to anthracnose in common bean by the avirulent delta race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianumAbstract -The objectives of this work were to evaluate the potential of the avirulent delta race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum as a protector against virulent races of this fungus and induce systemic resistance to anthracnose in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Four common bean cultivars were evaluated for changes in the activities of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase at two common bean developmental stages, V2 and R6, three days after the infection with delta race of C. lindemuthianum, in comparison with control applications of water and salicylic acid. The plants were then infected with a spore suspension of 33/95, a virulent C. lindemuthianum patotype and reevaluated fi ve days later for the enzyme activities. Signifi cant increases in the activities of both beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were observed after inoculation of inductive fungus at the two evaluation periods, at both plant development stages. The activities of both beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase varied among cultivars and among plant development stages. A signifi cant correlation was observed between the disease severity and the enzyme activity. The avirulent delta race of C. lindemuthianum reduced the severity of anthracnose on common bean and may have the potential to control the disease.

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Control Of Postharvest Diseases Of Fruits Using Microbes

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

In vitro and in situ study of postharvest apple blue mold biocontrol by Aureobasidium pullulans: Evidence for the involvement of competition for nutrients

Indução de resistência sistêmica à antracnose em feijoeiro-comum pela raça delta avirulenta de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

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