Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

Abstract

The antagonistic activity of two yeast strains (Pichia anomala (E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, strain K and Candida oleophila Montrocher, strain O) against the parasitic complex responsible for banana crown rot was evaluated. The strains were applied at three different concentrations (10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 cfu/ml) and their efficacy tested in vivo on three separate fungi (Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, and Cephalosporium sp.) and on a parasitic complex formed by association of these three fungi. At the concentrations used C. musae appeared to be the most pathogenic. The complex showed intermediate aggressiveness between C. musae and both other fungi.Statistically significant antagonistic effects were observed on C. musae, F. moniliforme, and the fungal complex. The highest protection level (54.4%) was observed with strain O added at 10 8 cfu/ml on crowns previously inoculated with the fungal complex. The level was lower when the fungi were inoculated separately.Furthermore, the antagonistic effect was strongly reinforced when strain O at 10 8 cfu/ml was applied 24 h before fungal complex inoculation (59.9%), as compared to its application 15 min (24.3%) or 3 h (27.3%) after fungal complex inoculation. Bananas showed increased susceptibility to the fungal complex from March to June, and this influenced the level of protection by yeast, which decreased over the same period. A strict negative correlation (R 2 = 0.83) was highlighted between susceptibility of banana to crown rot and protection provided by yeast.

Evaluation of yeast-like fungi to protect Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

“…P. anomala strain also had antagonistic properties. This species appears in many studies as a plant protection agent (Björnberg and Schnürer 1993;Jijakli and Lepoivre 1998;Lassois et al 2008;Reeleder 2004). Understanding the mode of action of the antagonists among yeasts will help to improve their performance resulting in the enhancement of their effectiveness as biocontrol agents and in the development of criteria for its rapid screening.…”

Controle pós-colheita da antracnose do pimentão pela levedura Rhodotorula glutinis

“…Inúmeras leveduras têm sido identificadas e utilizadas em frutos e vegetais para controle de doenças de pós-colheita (SHARMA et al, 2009). Dentre estas leveduras, o gênero Candida abriga um grande número de espécies antagonistas como a Candida sake utilizada no controle de Penicillium expansum em maçã (MORALES et al, 2008) e em pêra (TORRES et al, 2006); Candida oleophila utilizada em citros controlando Penicillium italicum e P. digitatum (LAHLALI et al, 2005) e em banana para o controle de Colletotrichum musae (LASSOIS et al, 2008). No entanto, outras espécies mostraramse eficientes no controle de diversas patologias pós-colheita, como a levedura Pichia guilliermondii, que tem sido relatada no controle da antracnose em pimenta causada por Colletotrichum capsici (CHANCHAICHAOVIVAT et al 2008), no controle de Botrytis cinerea em nectarina, pêssego e tomate (TIAN et al, 2002;SALIGKARIAS et al, 2002) e no controle de Penicillium italicum em laranjas (LAHLALI et al, 2011).…”

Effects of antifungal activity of essential oils, salts and antioxidants acids on pathogenic fungi and their application methods for controlling postharvest diseases in banana fruits

“…is an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling postharvest diseases of banana fruits (Dionisio and Natsuaki, 2007;Lassois et al, 2008). Recently, essential oils, antioxidants, organic and inorganic salts were used as fungicidal alternatives, that is, basil oil (Ocimum basilicum), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and clove oil (Cymbopogon nardus).…”