Control of PEMFC system air group using differential flatness approach: Validation by a dynamic fuel cell system model

Numerical analysis of the optimum membrane/ionomer water content of PEMFCs: The interaction of Nafion® ionomer content and cathode relative humidity

“…Fonseca et al [37] applied a non-liner control strategy to the PEM-FC air supply subsystem, which is capable of regulating the oxygen stoichiometry and cathode pressure, to prevent side degradation effects. Bizon [38] maximised the fuel cell net power by optimising the air flow rate based on extremum seeking (ES) control scheme.…”

The effects of air stoichiometry and air excess ratio on the transient response of a PEMFC under load change conditions

“…Meidanshahi and Karimi [20] optimized the controlling parameters, including inlet flow rate and temperature, to achieve higher cell performance. Fonseca et al [21] analyzed the effects of inlet air conditions on the transient response of a PEMFC, and designed a controller to regulate the major operating parameters using a non-linear control strategy.…”

“…Numerical models have been developed to predict the transient response of PEMFCs under load change conditions for various cell designs and operating conditions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Tiss et al [14] studied the effects of the charge double layer, flow-field design, and cell temperature on the transient response of a PEMFC using a mathematical model based on mass and energy equations.…”

A novel non-linear model-based control strategy to improve PEMFC water management – The flatness-based approach

“…Recently, a few works emphasizing benefits of flatness-based controller regarding PEMFC control have been reported [12,17,18]. …”