Numerical analysis of the optimum membrane/ionomer water content of PEMFCs: The interaction of Nafion® ionomer content and cathode relative humidity

Lü, Xing; Das, Prodip K.; Song, Xueguan; Mamlouk, Mohamed; Scott, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.011

Cited by 120 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The increase in Reynolds number causes higher gas velocity and hence more removal of the liquid water. Xing et al [23] developed a two-dimensional, isothermal, two-phase flow agglomerate model to explore how dry Nafion ionomer volume fraction and cathode relative humidity affect membrane and ionomer swelling and the cell performance for a PEM fuel cell. Their results showed that the optimum ionomer water content increases with an increase in the ionomer content.…”

Section: Water Content and Operation Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

2016

Applied Energy

362

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Section: Water Content and Operation Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

2016

Applied Energy

362

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“…It was found that the cell characteristic and uniformity are strongly influenced by the cathode RH. Xing 25 revealed an interaction between Nafion ionomer content and cathode RH. Ozen et al 26 studied the influences of cell temperature and gas inlet humidity by experimental method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyze the effects of flow mode and humidity on PEMFC performance by equivalent membrane conductivity

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary A three‐dimensional and two‐phase numerical model is developed for a 25‐cm2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to investigate the effects of flow mode (coflow and counterflow) and relative humidity (anode 0%/100%; cathode 60%/100%) on the cell performance. Experimental studies are performed to validate this developed model. An equivalent membrane conductivity is proposed to describe the match level between current flux and membrane conductivity. It is found that the cell performance is enhanced under low relative humidity conditions because of the optimized equivalent membrane conductivity. More specifically, the voltage is improved from 0.611 to 0.637 V, and the equivalent membrane conductivity is enhanced from 10.35 to 11.11 S m−1 by replacing the coflow mode with counterflow mode at 1000 mA cm−2 when anode gas is dry and cathode gas is 100% hydrated. Both the anode and cathode relative humidities show an obvious influence on the PEMFC performance, and a suitable inlet humidity could ensure adequate hydration of membrane and avoid water flooding in gas diffusion layers simultaneously.

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“…Optimization of Nafion ionomer has been studied in various researches. Table shows a summary of some research on catalyst layer Nafion content during the last few years . Based on these studies, in order to have a proper porosity of catalyst layer, amount of Nafion ionomer and carbon content should be optimized simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Cathode Catalyst Layer Void Volume on the Short‐term and Long‐term Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

2018

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The cathode catalyst layer void volume of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) determines the available three‐phase regions and routes of mass transfer in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this paper, four MEAs with different void volume of cathode catalyst layer have been made and their performance was evaluated and analyzed. The results show that for the MEA with cathode catalyst layer porosity of 20.8%, an optimal structure and a proper balance between catalyst layer void volume and Nafion content is obtained. The optimal void volume caused that electrochemical surface area for the MEA with the optimal structure be 1.45 times higher than MEA having a porosity of 29.5% at the end of the long‐term cycles. On the other hand, the mass transfer resistance (Rmt) at the end of long‐term cycles for MEA with the optimal structure is 4.8 times less than the same MEA having a porosity of 15.9%. This fact makes that MEA with the cathode catalyst layer porosity of 20.8%, both in short and in the long‐term, has higher and more stable performance than other MEAs; so that its maximum output power density has changed only 0.8% during 200 cycles.

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Numerical analysis of the optimum membrane/ionomer water content of PEMFCs: The interaction of Nafion® ionomer content and cathode relative humidity

Cited by 120 publications

References 57 publications

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

Analyze the effects of flow mode and humidity on PEMFC performance by equivalent membrane conductivity

Influence of the Cathode Catalyst Layer Void Volume on the Short‐term and Long‐term Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

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