Control of Contents of the Broadcasts in Turkish Law

Abstract

Media, which has big effect at the formation of the culture at the societies having democratic management system, is qualified as the fourth power after legislation, executive and jurisdiction. Audiovisual media, when their functions are taken into account in addition to their political effects, is accepted as the most effective tool of the mass media. For the audiovisual media, wide spreading and becoming an integral part of society life in process of time, to perform its functions in a healthy way, the regulation and control of this field have become a state of important necessity.In Turkish Law Radio and Television Supreme Council, performing the control of audiovisual media, is an independent administrative authority. RTSC has become a constitutional institution with the inclusion of an additional paragraph inserted into article 133 of the Constitution by means of the Law no 5370. Authorized by the Law no 6112 on the Establishment and Broadcasting of Radio and Television Companies to release the broadcasting companies, to inspect the organizations and to impose sanctions in cases of violation of the provisions, the decisions of RTSC are subject to judicial review.The control of the contents of broadcasts by the Council is examined in this study. In the control of broadcasts, the direct control, audience based and self control-joint control practices have been considered. Recommendations upon the control systems being applied in Turkey have been made. Also with selfregulation and co-regulation practices, general trend towards more effective and successful applications of the control mechanism through the shared responsibility between supervisory authorities and the independent broadcasters has also determined.

Superparamagnetic nanoarchitectures for disease-specific biomarker detection

“…Magnetic capture and separationsSuperparamagnetic nanomaterials are becoming a promising tool for the capture, concentration, isolation, and separation of biomolecules such as in vitro cells, antibodies, proteins, DNA, enzymes, bacteria, and different pathogens from their complex biological matrixes 29,66,151. MNPs offer several significant advantages over conventional separation techniques such as chromatography: they possess a large surface-to-volume ratio, are readily dispersible in solution, can be quickly localized or retrieved using a typical external magnet, and provide high versatility and reusability of NPs after the magnetic separation 152. Generally, MNPs are functionalized with different surfactants, polymers, and ligands to introduce functional end groups such as -OH, -NH2, -COOH, and -SH for the selective capturing of target biomolecules.…”

Insights into Targeted and Stimulus‐Responsive Nanocarriers for Brain Cancer Treatment

“…[240][241][242] Enhanced colloidal stability, optimized suspension characteristics, and improved biocompatibility can be achieved by employing a protective layer made up of ceramics, polymers, or highly charged/sterically hindered molecules around magnetic nanocarriers. [243] The most common example of a magnetic nanocarrier is based on an iron oxide core (magnetite) and a biocompatible (polymeric) surface coating [244] that increases colloidal stability and enables the covalent/electrostatic binding of anticancer drugs and targeting moieties. [245,246] Besides iron oxide nanocarriers, nickel-based and gadolinium-based nanocarriers have been also investigated.…”

LAPONITE® nanodisk-“decorated” Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a biocompatible nano-hybrid with ultrafast magnetic hyperthermia and MRI contrast agent ability

“…[2][3][4] This interest is mainly due to the growing This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2022 exploration of new magnetic properties for their use in applied magnetism and related device technologies as well as their utilization in commercially available future emerging technologies. [5][6][7] Amongst the various magnetic materials, the ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the most extensively studied material in the field of biomedicine, 6,[8][9][10][11][12] involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [13][14][15][16][17][18] magnetic hyperthermia, [19][20][21][22][23][24] drug delivery [25][26][27][28] and biomolecular separation. 9,29 Magnetite has been involved in clinical use for many decades, demonstrating its safety, utility and versatility and is among the few, if not the only, nanomaterials that are FDA approved for in vivo applications.…”

“…[5][6][7] Amongst the various magnetic materials, the ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the most extensively studied material in the field of biomedicine, 6,[8][9][10][11][12] involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [13][14][15][16][17][18] magnetic hyperthermia, [19][20][21][22][23][24] drug delivery [25][26][27][28] and biomolecular separation. 9,29 Magnetite has been involved in clinical use for many decades, demonstrating its safety, utility and versatility and is among the few, if not the only, nanomaterials that are FDA approved for in vivo applications. 30 It also continues to emerge as one of the most powerful nanomaterials for other technological 10 and environmental applications, 31 including arsenic removal from drinking water in both arsenate and arsenite forms 32,33 or other magnetic separation technologies [34][35][36][37] and catalysis.…”

“…Amongst the various magnetic materials, the ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the most extensively studied material in the field of biomedicine, 6,8–12 involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 13–18 magnetic hyperthermia, 19–24 drug delivery 25–28 and biomolecular separation. 9,29 Magnetite has been involved in clinical use for many decades, demonstrating its safety, utility and versatility and is among the few, if not the only, nanomaterials that are FDA approved for in vivo applications.…”