Control of CO2 in a naturally ventilated classroom

Griffiths, Margaret I.; Eftekhari, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.04.013

Cited by 133 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this field of research, CO2 is usually considered a global IAQ indicator, mainly because high concentrations indicate a poor air renovation rate which might indicate an accumulation of other pollutants in indoor air, and consequently may cause a negative influence on pupil's learning ability (Griffiths and Eftekhari, 2008). Temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) are also important in indoor air quality (IAQ), being considered as important comfort indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries-part I: CO2 and comfort assessment

Branco

Alvim-Ferraz

Martins

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Indoor air quality (IAQ) in nurseries is an emerging case-study. Thus, this study, as the Part I of the larger study "Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries", aimed to: i) evaluate nurseries' indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), a global IAQ indicator, in class and lunch rooms; ii) assess indoor comfort parameters -temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH); and iii) analyse them according to guidelines and references for IAQ, comfort and children's health. Indoor continuous measurements were performed. Non-compliances with guidelines were found in comfort parameters, which could cause discomfort situations and also microbial proliferation. Exceedances in CO2 concentrations were also found and they were caused by poor ventilation and high classroom occupation. More efficient ventilation and control of comfort parameters, as well as to reduce occupation by reviewing Portuguese legislation on that matter, would certainly improve IAQ and comfort in nurseries and consequently safeguard children's health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries-part I: CO2 and comfort assessment

Branco

Alvim-Ferraz

Martins

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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“…Carbon dioxide (CO2), although not defined as an air pollutant, is an indicator of low ventilation rates [5]. Increased levels of CO2 led to a decrease in pupils' learning abilities of approximately 5% and communicate with respiratory illnesses [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of air pollutants in rural nursery school – a case study

Mainka

Zajusz-Zubek

Kozielska

et al. 2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Children's exposure to air pollutants is an important public health challenge. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in nursery school is believed to be different from elementary school. Moreover, younger children are more vulnerable to air pollution than higher grade children because they spend more time indoors, and their immune systems and bodies are less mature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indoor air quality (IAQ) at naturally ventilated rural nursery schools located in Upper Silesia, Poland. We investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), bacterial and fungal bioaerosols, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in younger and older children's classrooms during the winter and spring seasons. The concentration of the investigated pollutants in indoor environments was higher than those in outdoor air. The results indicate the problem of elevated concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside the examined classrooms, as well as that of high levels of CO2 exceeding 1,000 ppm in relation to outdoor air. The characteristics of PM and CO2 levels were significantly different, both in terms of classroom occupation (younger or older children) and of season (winter or spring).

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“…Rather than making these assumptions, it was assumed that lower CO 2 concentration may imply higher ventilation rate and better indoor air quality. It seems justified to make this assumption, as it has been made earlier in recognized studies (e.g., Daisey et al 2003;Griffiths and Efthekari 2008;Twardella et al 2012). The measured CO 2 concentrations were below the 8-hour maximum permissible occupational exposure level of 5000 ppm (OSHA 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wyon et al (2010) demonstrated in a field intervention experiment that although pupils and teachers readily opened windows when the classroom became warm, they seldom did so when the air quality was poor, possibly because they did not perceive the poor air quality due to gradual sensory fatigue (also known as adaptation, Gunnarsen and Fanger 1992). High temperature seems to be a more important factor driving window opening than any other (Dutton and Shao 2010;Fabi et al 2013), and during cold weather window opening may seldom occur because of thermal discomfort due to the admission of cold outside air and draughts (Griffiths and Efthekari 2008). Gao et al (2016) investigated indoor climate, window opening behavior, and pupil responses in classrooms with different types of ventilation system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%