Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries-part I: CO2 and comfort assessment

Branco, P.T.B.S.; Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.M.; Martins, F.G.; Sousa, Sofia

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.007

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Portuguese schools in winter, when there is no mechanical ventilation and opening windows is cumbersome, carbon dioxide concentration rose up to 2500 ppm (Almeida, de Freitas 2014;Branco et al 2015). The author's other research (Krawczyk et al 2017;Krawczyk et al 2016;Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Krawczyk 2013) proved that CO2 levels in classrooms in Universities in Białystok does not exceed 1800 ppm.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Obtained Measuremen Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland

Jachimowicz

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

2017

Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering"

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Abstract. Children in kindergartens spend between five and ten hours a day, the quality of air inside is very important. Kindergartens are public buildings. Kindergartens in Poland do not have mechanical ventilation, most often use stack ventilation, which is frequently aided by airing. The three considered buildings were located in eastern Europe. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the interior conditions, especially with regard to carbon dioxide concentration. In the afternoon, the permissible level of carbon dioxide concentration was substantially exceeded (by 190% at the most in first series of measurement). The present research has resulted in considerable improvement of indoor conditions in the analyzed kindergartens (less than 140% in third series of measurement). The presence of children and ventilation habits seemed to be the main determinants of IAQ and carbon dioxide.

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Section: Discussion Of the Obtained Measuremen Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In Poland, there is no legislation as to how many children may stay in a room of a given size (surface and/or volume). As evidenced by Branco et al (2015), this is not an exclusively Polish problem.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Obtained Measuremen Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland

Jachimowicz

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

2017

Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering"

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“…Badania jakości powietrza wewnętrznego w salach dydaktycznych zajmują wielu naukowców w kraju [3,15,16] i zagranicą [17][18][19].…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Dependence of Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Relative Humidity in Didactic Room - Case Study

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

Rodero

2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

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Indoor air quality could influence on people health, fettle, ability to work and ability to learning. IAQ characteristics include the concentrations of pollutants (especially carbon dioxide concentration) in indoor air, as well as air temperature and humidity. General guidelines concerning the quality of air inside education rooms facilities are contained in the PN-EN 13779:2008 standard, drawn up on the basis of EU directives which are in effect in most European countries. Recommended concentration of carbon dioxide in confined spaces equals 1000 ppm. Standards show humidity from 40 to 60%. This minimum sanitary requirement is recommended by the European Office of WHO and by ASHRAE. Public buildings (education buildings) are an institution in which people the learning has a group character. As far as the quality of indoor air is concerned, education buildings have been often neglected. In countries all over the world there are public buildings which make use of different kinds of natural ventilation, and do not possess any mechanical ventilation systems. The article presents the measurement results of carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity and interior air temperature. The measurements were taken only in one classroom, on a given day and with a varied number of people present. They are thus to be treated as a pilot study. In the classroom, natural ventilation does not provide sufficient air exchange; the air inside the classroom is dry and polluted with carbon dioxide. The correlation of humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in the classroom was examined and a strong interdependence was observed. The correlation results may be applied to how the control of ventilation. The problem of appropriate indoor air quality is significant because the correlation between the IAQ and potential energy costs reduction is more complicated that in other types of buildings. Conducting public buildings, in particular, educational buildings we must remember not only about energy savings, but also about maintaining proper indoor air quality.

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“…After observing high concentrations of indoor air pollutants, mainly particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), several studies concluded that there is a pressing need to implement strategies to improve IAQ, through the implementation of measures to mitigate indoor air pollution (IAP): (i) the change of some behavioural habits, promoting efficient ventilation [8,12,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]; (ii) the improvement of cleaning actions [19,21,22,23,27,29,31,32,33]; (iii) the replacement of carpets and carpeted floors by smooth panels [27,33]; (iv) the adequacy of occupational density and promotion of more class breaks and outdoor activities [12,27,32]; and (v) structural measures such as the installation of air purifiers [33], the replacement of building materials, furniture and windows [25,34] and the replacement of the heating system [26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools

Sá

Branco

Alvim-Ferraz

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Indoor air pollution mitigation measures are highly important due to the associated health impacts, especially on children, a risk group that spends significant time indoors. Thus, the main goal of the work here reported was the evaluation of mitigation measures implemented in nursery and primary schools to improve air quality. Continuous measurements of CO2, CO, NO2, O3, CH2O, total volatile organic compounds (VOC), PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and radon, as well as temperature and relative humidity were performed in two campaigns, before and after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures. Evaluation of those mitigation measures was performed through the comparison of the concentrations measured in both campaigns. Exceedances to the values set by the national legislation and World Health Organization (WHO) were found for PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and CH2O during both indoor air quality campaigns. Temperature and relative humidity values were also above the ranges recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). In general, pollutant concentrations measured after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures were significantly lower, mainly for CO2. However, mitigation measures were not always sufficient to decrease the pollutants’ concentrations till values considered safe to protect human health.

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Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries-part I: CO2 and comfort assessment

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland

Dependence of Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Relative Humidity in Didactic Room - Case Study

Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools

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