Control and optimisation of networked microgrids: A review

Abstract

Microgrids (MGs) have become an integral part of smart grid initiatives for future power system networks. Networked microgrids consist of several neighbouring microgrids connected in a low/medium distribution network. The primary objective of a network is to share surplus/shortage power with neighbouring microgrids to achieve mutual cost‐effective operation, utilising green energy from renewable energy resources in the network and increasing the reliability of customer service. This article classifies networked microgrids on the basis of network formation and provides an overview of recent research on control of networked microgrids. In addition, a state‐of‐the‐art review of optimisation methods is provided to solve the energy optimisation problem in networked microgrids. Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of the networked operation of microgrids are presented as for possible research directions in the future.

Power‐frequency oscillation suppression algorithm for AC microgrid with multiple virtual synchronous generators based on fuzzy inference system

“…Virtual synchronous generator technology simulates the external characteristics of traditional synchronous generators, which not only makes the microgrid inverter have the steady-state characteristics of droop control, but also can make it exhibit dynamic frequency response characteristics similar to synchronous motors, and improve the antidisturbance characteristics of the system frequency and bus voltage in the microgrid effectively, and solve the problems of under-damping and low inertia of traditional droop control [1,2].…”

A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of power conditioning systems for energy storage systems: Topology and control applications in power systems

“…Recently, due to the global energy crisis and the imposition of increasingly strict environmental regulations, renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind turbines, fuel cells and photovoltaic (PV) arrays have been widely integrated into power grids worldwide [1]. However, the intermittent nature of RES-based power generation hinders their smooth integration with power grids [2]. Therefore, energy storage systems (ESSs) are generally used to make RES distributed and reliable, smooth the DC bus voltage waveform and output power, improve the dynamic reduce the electricity generation cost via the energy arbitrage that involves storing energy obtained during off-peak periods and supplying it in maximum demand periods [7].…”

Inverter Control Analysis in a Microgrid Community Based on Droop Control Strategy

“…For this reason, multiple control strategies are proposed to control the MGC in recent years. Master-slave, peer-to-peer, and hierarchical control strategy are the most well-known structures in MGC [3]. In this paper, hierarchical control is applied to control the MGC in order to take the advantage of stable operation of the system especially at the transition between islanded and grid-connected mode [4].…”

“…The hierarchical control structure consists of three control levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary control [3]. In addition to inverter control loops, the droop controller in the primary control level is responsible to provide voltage and frequency stability [5].…”