Contribution to the determination of the solubility of β-carotene in supercritical carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide: experimental data and modeling

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Palm Carotenoids

“…However, the use of density to describe the solubility of solute is valid at a constant temperature or a constant pressure. Škerget et al [13] 5.47 6287.9 -15.43 5.2x10 4 Güçlü-Üstünda and Temelli [30] 7.2 -8844.3 -26.8 NA Subra et al [17] (37°C)…”

“…However, most of the published data involved the use of synthetic β−carotene as the starting material [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . It has been reported that discrepancies in solubility data measurements can be due to numerous factors including degradation of carotenoids [19,20] , purity of starting material [18] and method of measurement [17] . Since palm oil is a natural source of carotenoids, the determination of solubility of palm carotenoids in SC-CO 2 is important to study the possibility to extract the carotenoids.…”

Prediction of solubility of biomolecules in supercritical solvents

“…Johannsen and Brunner's data and Skerget's data. The discrepancy could be attributed to the very low solubility of ÿ-carotene, where accurate measurements become rather sensitive to the methodology (Subra et al, 1997). According to Figs.…”

“…Dieter and Schneider (1986) stated that the analytical method could not be applied in the vicinity of the critical points, where the equilibrium is disturbed by sampling. The experimental results of Subra et al (1997) indicated that the uncertainty of the solu- …”

“…Three of the equations of state used along with the fugacity coe cients are listed in Table 1. The critical properties of the compounds involved are Wong and Johnston (1986) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a sample loop Chromatographic Yun et al (1991) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Gravimetric Kosal et al (1992) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Chromatographic Singh et al (1993) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Gravimetric ÿ-carotene Chang and Randolph (1989) Pure gas circulation Fast expansion into a heated glass Gravimetric Cygnarowicz et al (1990) Gas phase recirculation Recirculation UV; on line Sakaki (1992) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a sample loop Chromatographic Skerget et al (1995) Static Expansion into a cold trap d Spectrophotometric Johannsen and Brunner (1997) Static Fast expansion into a gas ow leading to GC Chromatographic Subra et al (1997) Gas phase recirculation Recirculation Chromatographic; on line a According to Fornari et al (1990). b According to Dieter and Schneider (1986).…”